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whatsoever - adverb (also whatever) He has no respect for authority whatsoever. rozpocznij naukę
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used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed:
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He was remanded on theft charges. The accused was remanded in custody (= kept in prison before the trial began) for a week. rozpocznij naukę
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to send someone accused of committing a crime away from court until their trial begins
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rozpocznij naukę
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to be allowed to leave a law court after you have been accused of committing a crime to go to a particular place, usually your home, to wait until the trial begins, after paying an amount of money to the court that will not be given back if you do not appear at the trial
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rozpocznij naukę
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a place where young people accused of committing a crime are sent to wait until their trial begins
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The court awarded/granted/gave custody of the child to the father. rozpocznij naukę
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the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
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The suspect is now in custody. UK You will be remanded in custody until your trial. rozpocznij naukę
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the state of being kept in prison, especially while waiting to go to court for trial
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custody - noun LAW, FINANCE Investment advisers with actual custody of clients' funds pose a higher risk to clients. rozpocznij naukę
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the legal right to manage and look after another person's money, investments, etc.:
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Before replying I will retrieve my contract from safe custody and check it myself. The annual safe custody cost would amount to €44. rozpocznij naukę
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the service provided by a bank or similar organization for keeping customers' documents or other valuable objects safe
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retrieve - verb; retrieval - noun We taught our dog to retrieve a ball. They've managed to retrieve most of the data. Did they manage to retrieve anything from the fire?; Important historic documents were retrieved from a dumpster last week. rozpocznij naukę
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to find and bring back something Goodwill that is lost is extremely difficult to retrieve.
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goodwill - noun (FRIENDSHIP) The school has to rely on the goodwill of the parents to help it raise money. Releasing the hostages has been seen as a gesture of goodwill/a goodwill gesture. rozpocznij naukę
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friendly and helpful feelings:
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goodwill - noun (COMPANY) The company's assets are worth £200 million, plus goodwill. rozpocznij naukę
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part of a company's value that includes things that cannot be directly measured, for example, its good reputation or its customers' loyalty:
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goodwill - noun (CHARITY) (also informal the Goodwill) My aunt gave me some towels, and I gave them to the Goodwill. rozpocznij naukę
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abbreviation for Goodwill Industries : a US-based organization that collects old clothes and other unwanted things and sells them at low prices in special shops. The money is used to provide jobs, training, and services for people who are poor and cannot find work:
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We hope the negotiations will take place in an atmosphere of openness and goodwill. rozpocznij naukę
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a friendly attitude in which you wish that good things happen to people:
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Although the insurance firm refused to pay her claim, they did offer her a goodwill payment of £5,000. rozpocznij naukę
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a payment made by a company to a customer who has experienced a problem with its products in order to try to keep the customer
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goodwill payment - noun - ACCOUNTING a payment made by someone buying a business for things that cannot be directly measured, for example, customers' loyalty rozpocznij naukę
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a payment made by someone buying a business for things that cannot be directly measured, for example, customers' loyalty
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ex gratia - adjective, adverb formal Ex gratia payments were made to all those who had been affected by the spillage.; The bank did pay me £100 ex-gratia. rozpocznij naukę
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an ex-gratia payment is not legally necessary, but is made to show good intentions:
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rozpocznij naukę
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rozpocznij naukę
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the period around Christmas
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protective custody - noun rozpocznij naukę
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a safe place, sometimes prison, where someone is kept by the police for their own safety
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There's been a lot of hype around/surrounding his latest film. rozpocznij naukę
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a situation in which something is advertised and discussed in newspapers, on television, etc. a lot in order to attract everyone's interest
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No sports event is more hyped than the Super Bowl. rozpocznij naukę
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to make something seem more exciting or important than it is:
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People wondered aloud whether the company had been overhyped. rozpocznij naukę
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to advertise or praise something more than it deserves in newspapers, on television, online, etc., in order to make people excited about it and want to buy, try it, invest in it, etc
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hype sb up (also hype up) I always feel hyped up before an exam. rozpocznij naukę
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to make someone feel very excited:
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ballyhoo - noun - old-fashioned slang I can't see what all this ballyhoo is about. rozpocznij naukę
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a lot of noise and activity, often with no real purpose
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bally - adjective, adverb UK old-fashioned informal a bally stupid idea I bally well hope he finds the money he owes me. rozpocznij naukę
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used instead of a rude word such as 'bloody' to express anger with something or someone
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hoopla - noun (GAME) (US ringtoss) rozpocznij naukę
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a game in which a ring is thrown so that it falls over an object
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hoopla - noun (EXCITEMENT) The usual hoopla surrounded the arrival of the pop star. rozpocznij naukę
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exciting noise and activity in celebration of an event
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He's been working as a policeman on the same patch for 20 years. rozpocznij naukę
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a local area within which someone works
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patch - noun (PIECE OF MATERIAL) I'll have to sew a patch onto these jeans - they're ripped at the knee. rozpocznij naukę
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a small piece of material sewn or stuck over something to cover it
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They issued an update to patch the bug. We need to identify and patch vulnerabilities in internet security. rozpocznij naukę
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to solve a problem that a computer system or program has
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a skirt with two patch pockets rozpocznij naukę
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a square of material sewn onto the outside of a piece of clothing for carrying things in
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The couple are working on patching up their differences. rozpocznij naukę
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to fix the problems in a relationship: also - to repair something, especially in a simple and temporary way
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cleavage noun (DISAGREEMENT) There is a marked cleavage between the parties about the government's defence policy. rozpocznij naukę
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(a) division or disagreement:
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cleavage - noun - EARTH SCIENCE rozpocznij naukę
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the tendency of a mineral (= hard substance obtained from the earth) to break in a particular way because of its structure
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boob noun, verb (MISTAKE) UK informal Forgetting the president's name was a bit of a boob.; He boobed rather badly by getting her name wrong. rozpocznij naukę
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So do you think she's had a boob job? rozpocznij naukę
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to have an operation to change the shape of the breasts, usually to make them larger:
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boo-boo - noun - plural boo-boos - informal [MISTAKE] Oops, I think I made a boo-boo there - I hope she's not too upset.; I did a boo-boo! I spilled coffee! rozpocznij naukę
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boo-boo - noun - US child's word [INJURY] rozpocznij naukę
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Tess fell down and got a boo-boo on her hand.
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not say boo - US informal You didn't say boo to me about going to your mother's this weekend. rozpocznij naukę
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not say boo (also be afraid to say boo); (UK not say boo to a goose) rozpocznij naukę
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to be very nervous and easily frightened
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This resort is considered by those who are in the know to have the best downhill skiing in Europe.; Ask Keith – he’s always in the know about upcoming projects. rozpocznij naukę
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to have knowledge about something that most people do not have:
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A long row of market stalls was filled with every kind of food you could imagine. rozpocznij naukę
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a large table or a small shop with an open front from which goods are sold in a public place
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stall - noun (SMALL AREA) rozpocznij naukę
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a small closed area within a farm building in which there is space for one animal to be kept
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stall - noun (SMALL AREA) There was one bathroom with a shower stall in the corner. rozpocznij naukę
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a small area of a room that is separated from the main part of the room by walls or curtains
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the stalls - noun (SEATS) rozpocznij naukę
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rows of fixed seats in a church, often with the sides and backs connected
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the stalls - noun (SEATS) (US the orchestra) rozpocznij naukę
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the seats on the main floor of a theatre or cinema, not at a higher level
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My car stalled at the traffic light. rozpocznij naukę
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If an engine stalls, or if you stall it, it stops working suddenly and without you intending it to happen
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"I have to look it up on my machine at home," he said stalling for time. rozpocznij naukę
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if someone stalls, they do not answer a question immediately or continue a discussion, in order to give themselves more time to think: If you stall a person, you delay them or prevent them from doing something for a period of time: - I managed to stall him for a few days until I'd got enough money to pay back the loan.
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stall - verb [STOP MAKING PROGRESS] Japan's economic growth has stalled. rozpocznij naukę
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if a process or system stalls or something stalls it, it suddenly stops developing or making progress:
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People at the back started booing loudly. Her singing was so bad that she was booed off the stage. rozpocznij naukę
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to make an expression of strong disapproval or disagreement:
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boo noun (PERSON) US informal You will always be my boo. rozpocznij naukę
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someone you care about, especially a boyfriend, girlfriend, or other close friend:
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boo - exclamation [SUPRISE] She jumped out of the cupboard and shouted "Boo!" rozpocznij naukę
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an expression, usually shouted, used to surprise and frighten someone who does not know you are near them
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a type of seabird similar to a gannet
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booby - noun (BREAST) very informal rozpocznij naukę
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booby - noun (PERSON) informal old-fashioned rozpocznij naukę
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rozpocznij naukę
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a prize given as a joke to the person who finishes last in a competition
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The bodyguard was killed while checking the president's car for booby traps. a booby-trap bomb They put a bucket of water on top of his door as a booby trap. rozpocznij naukę
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something dangerous, especially a bomb, that is hidden inside somewhere that looks safe verb - to hide something dangerous, especially a bomb, inside somewhere that looks safe - The police discovered that the car was booby-trapped.; Computer viruses can be spread in booby-trapped e-mail attachments.
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boob tube - noun (CLOTHING) - informal rozpocznij naukę
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a piece of women's clothing that is made of a material that stretches and covers the top half of the body very tightly
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rozpocznij naukę
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a tight-fitting piece of clothing for the top part of the body, made of knitted cotton, with a high, round collar
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He treats me like a skivvy. rozpocznij naukę
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a person, in the past a female servant, who does the dirty and unpleasant jobs in a house, such as cleaning
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I'm not going to skivvy for you any more. rozpocznij naukę
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o do the dirty, unpleasant jobs in the house
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sikora - a common small bird found in the northern half of the world
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tit - noun (PERSON) UK slang Why did you do that, you stupid great tit? rozpocznij naukę
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a stupid person. This word is considered offensive by some people:
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tit for tat - noun; tit-for-tat - adj. I noticed she didn't send me a card - I think it was tit for tat because I forgot her birthday last year. rozpocznij naukę
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WET ZA WET - something, esp. something annoying or unpleasant, done to someone because that person has done the same thing to you:
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tat - noun (LOW QUALITY) informal Like most souvenir shops, it sells a lot of old tat. rozpocznij naukę
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anything that looks cheap, is of low quality, or in bad condition:
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get on sb's tits - UK offensive Stop it, Joe, you're really getting on my tits. rozpocznij naukę
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arse - noun UK offensive (US ass) rozpocznij naukę
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the part of your body that you sit on
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arse - exclamation UK offensive rozpocznij naukę
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used when you feel annoyed
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arse-licker - noun UK offensive rozpocznij naukę
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a person who tries to get something for themselves e by being extremely pleasant to other people in a way that is not sincere
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smart-arse - noun - UK offensive (US smart-ass) I don't want some smart-arse from the city telling me how to manage my farm. rozpocznij naukę
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someone who is always trying to seem more clever than other people in a way that is annoying:
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get off your arse - offensive (also get your arse in gear) Tell him to get off his arse and do some work for once. If she doesn't get her arse in gear, she's going to be late. rozpocznij naukę
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to force yourself to start doing something or to make yourself hurry:
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go arse over tit/tip - offensive I fell off my bike and went arse over tit. rozpocznij naukę
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to lose your balance suddenly and fall over:
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"She said she had food poisoning." "Food poisoning, my arse! She just drank too much last night." rozpocznij naukę
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said when you do not believe what someone has just said:
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not know your arse from your elbow - offensive rozpocznij naukę
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to be stupid and unable to understand very simple things
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arse about/around - UK offensive I wish he'd stop arsing around and actually do some work. rozpocznij naukę
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to act in a silly way or waste time
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His new trousers ripped when he bent down. I ripped my shirt on a nail. rozpocznij naukę
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to pull apart; to tear or be torn violently and quickly noun - a tear in a piece of cloth or paper - Your sleeve has a rip in it.
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We ripped up the carpets and laid a new wooden floor. rozpocznij naukę
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to remove something quickly, without being careful:
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How do I rip a DVD movie to my hard drive? rozpocznij naukę
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to copy pictures or sounds from a CD or DVD onto a computer noun - a copy of a CD or DVD that you make on a computer - illegal rips of copyrighted music
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rip - verb (MOVE QUICKLY) A hurricane ripped through Rhode Island yesterday. rozpocznij naukę
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to move quickly or violently
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ripped - adj. - informal [MUSCLES] He is in the gym every day trying to get a ripped body. Pilates will get your abs looking ripped. rozpocznij naukę
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having strong, well-developed muscles that can be seen through the skin
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He was so ripped, it hit him like a punch to the face. rozpocznij naukę
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very drunk or under the influence of drugs
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$300 for that shirt? - That's a complete rip-off. Loan protection is the biggest rip-off in banking today. rip-off prices rozpocznij naukę
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something that is not worth what you pay for it an act of cheating someone by charging too much or not giving anything of value for money spent
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rip-off - noun [BAD COPY] All along the road there were market stalls selling rip-off Versace, Gucci and Lacoste. rozpocznij naukę
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a cheap or bad copy of something:
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rip sb off - verb [CHEAT] Bob's tickets cost much less than ours - I think we've been ripped off. rozpocznij naukę
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to cheat someone by making them pay too much money for something:
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I nearly flipped out when she told me she and David were getting married. rozpocznij naukę
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to become extremely angry or to lose control of yourself from surprise or shock:
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eggnog - noun - (UK also egg flip) [DRINK] rozpocznij naukę
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a drink made from milk, sugar, and eggs, often mixed with alcohol such as brandy or rum
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repayment - noun, verb [MONEY] Low interest rates are making loan repayments easier to manage.; keep up/meet repayments - If you think you cannot meet repayments, talk first to your lender. rozpocznij naukę
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an amount of money that is paid back: verb - the act of paying back money that you have borrowed:
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an endowment for sth: The Las Vegas millionaire pledged $10 million for the project and an endowment for the school.; We are trying to set up an endowment to support the library. rozpocznij naukę
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money that is given to a college, hospital, etc. in order to provide it with an income, or the giving of this money:
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There are tests that can establish a baby's genetic endowment. rozpocznij naukę
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something that you have from birth, often a quality:
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repayment supplement - noun [TAX] Some traders may be eligible for a repayment supplement under the new legislation. rozpocznij naukę
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an extra payment that is made when money is returned to a person or company that has paid too much tax
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flip sb off [MIDDLE FINGER] The player was fined $5,000 for flipping off fans who had booed him. rozpocznij naukę
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to show someone in an offensive way that you are annoyed with them or do not like them by turning the back of your hand towards them and putting your middle finger up
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flip (your lid) - informal She'll flip her lid if I'm late again. rozpocznij naukę
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The salesman wrote down the figures on a flip chart. rozpocznij naukę
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a board with large pieces of paper fixed to the top which can be turned over, used for writing down ideas or showing information to people, for example, in a meeting:
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rozpocznij naukę
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to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc.
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flip-flop - verb [CHANGE PLAN] rozpocznij naukę
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to change a plan completely
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flip-flop - noun (SHOE) (US and Australian English thong) rozpocznij naukę
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a type of open shoe, often made of rubber, with a V-shaped strap that goes between the big toe and the toe next to it
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flip-flop - noun, verb (CHANGE) US informal They did a complete flip-flop by deciding to have a large wedding rather than getting married secretly. rozpocznij naukę
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an occasion when someone completely changes a plan verb - to change a plan completely
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U-turn - noun (180 DEGREE TURN) It is illegal to do/make a U-turn on a motorway. rozpocznij naukę
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a turn like a U, made by a vehicle to go back in the direction from which it came:
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U-turn - noun (CHANGE OF OPINION) - mainly disapproving The prime minister did/made a quick U-turn in response to all the adverse publicity. rozpocznij naukę
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a complete change from one opinion or plan to an opposite one
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adverse - adj. [NEGATIVE OR HARMFUL EFFECT] The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather conditions. They received a lot of adverse publicity/criticism about the changes. rozpocznij naukę
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having a negative or harmful effect on something:
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adverse balance of trade - noun - (also adverse trade balance) rozpocznij naukę
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a situation in which the value of the goods a country imports is more than the value of the goods it exports
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adverse balance - noun (also unfavourable balance) The accounts showed an adverse balance caused by lack of orders. rozpocznij naukę
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a negative amount in a set of accounts:
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adverse opinion - noun - ACCOUNTING rozpocznij naukę
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a statement that information in a company's accounts is not correct, made by an auditor (= someone whose job is to officially examine accounts)
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clean opinion - noun - ACCOUNTING rozpocznij naukę
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a statement by an auditor who has officially examined a company's accounts that the information in them is correct
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qualified opinion - noun - (also qualified report) - ACCOUNTING Before expressing a qualified opinion an auditor should always try to resolve problems with the management of the organization concerned. rozpocznij naukę
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a statement by an auditor (= someone whose job is to officially examine accounts) that the information in a company's accounts is generally correct but is limited in some way, for example because the information is not shown in a way that the auditor agrees with:
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qualify - verb (FINISH TRAINING) She hopes to qualify (as a lawyer) at the end of the year.; This course qualifies you to teach in any secondary school. rozpocznij naukę
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to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.:
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qualify - verb (HAVE RIGHT) She doesn't qualify for maternity leave because she hasn't been in her job long enough. rozpocznij naukę
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to have the legal right to have or do something because of the situation you are in, or to cause someone to have such a right:
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qualify - verb (GET INTO COMPETITION) Nigeria was the first team to qualify for the World Cup. rozpocznij naukę
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to succeed in getting into a competition:
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I'd like to qualify my criticisms of the school's failings, by adding that it's a very happy place. rozpocznij naukę
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to limit the strength or meaning of a statement
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qualify - verb - LANGUAGE In the sentence "He walked quickly along the road", "quickly" and "along the road" qualify "walked". rozpocznij naukę
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In grammar, a word or phrase that qualifies another word or phrase limits its meaning and makes it less general:
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pre-qualify - verb (also prequalify) Being prequalified means a lender tells you how much you can afford but doesn't commit to a loan. rozpocznij naukę
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if a bank pre-qualifies someone for a loan, it calculates the largest amount that they would be able to borrow based on income, etc.
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pre-qualify - verb - COMMERCE More than 100 companies pre-qualified to bid for the eight British Rail train operating companies. rozpocznij naukę
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if a company pre-qualifies for particular work, it proves it has the ability, experience, etc. to do it and is allowed to compete for it:
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about-turn - noun (US about-face) [CHANGE DIRECTION] I'd only gone a little way down the street when I remembered I hadn't locked the door, so I made/did a quick about-turn. rozpocznij naukę
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about-turn - noun [CHANGE OF OPINION] This is the government's second about-turn on the issue. rozpocznij naukę
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a complete change of opinion or behaviour:
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about-face [ORDER GIVEN TO SOLDIERS] rozpocznij naukę
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About-face is also an order given to soldiers to tell them to turn around and face the other way.
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volte-face - noun [CHANGE BELIEFS] In 1986 he made a very public and dramatic political volte-face from Left to Right. rozpocznij naukę
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a sudden change from one set of beliefs or plan of action to the opposite:
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flip/give sb the bird - informal rozpocznij naukę
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to show someone in an offensive way that you are angry with that person by turning the back of your hand towards them and putting your middle finger up
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a collegiate theatre collegiate sports rozpocznij naukę
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of or belonging to a college or its students:
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collegiate - adj. - UK [FORMED OF COLLEGES] Oxford and Cambridge are both collegiate universities. rozpocznij naukę
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propeller - noun (informal prop) rozpocznij naukę
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śmigło, śruba napędowa - a device with two or more blades that spin around to produce a force for moving the ship or aircraft to which it is attached
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prop sth up [LIFT, GIVE SUPPORT] He was sitting upright in his hospital bed, propped up by pillows. There were the usual bunch of drinkers propped up at (= leaning against) the bar. rozpocznij naukę
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to lift and give support to something by putting something under it:
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prop sth up [TO GIVE SUPPORT] How long is the government likely to survive without the US military force there to prop it up? rozpocznij naukę
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to give support to something, especially a country or organization, so that it can continue to exist in a difficult situation:
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prop sth up [HELP AN ORGANIZATION] The US Federal Reserve adjusted interest rates in January in an attempt to prop up the economy.; prop up the dollar/pound/yen, etc.: Should the Central Bank intervene to prop up the ailing euro, or wait for a natural recovery? rozpocznij naukę
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to help an organization, system, etc. that is having trouble, often by giving financial help:
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ail - verb (CAUSE DIFFICULTY) - formal The government seems to have no understanding of what ails the country. rozpocznij naukę
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to cause difficulty and problems for someone or something:
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to be ill, or to cause to be ill:
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I don’t know what’s ailing her. rozpocznij naukę
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to feel or cause someone to feel ill, unhealthy, or weak:
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ailing - adj. (WITH DIFFICULTIES) the country's ailing economy Ted asked me if I could help him fix his ailing car. rozpocznij naukę
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experiencing difficulty and problems:
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ailing - adjective (SICK) He's visiting his ailing father. rozpocznij naukę
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weak and suffering from illness:
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ailing - adj. [FINANCIAL PROBLEMS] ailing company/economy/industry: The ailing company shut down two of its smaller plants in an attempt to trim costs. rozpocznij naukę
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experiencing financial problems:
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scrum - noun (IN SPORT) (also scrummage) rozpocznij naukę
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in the sport of rugby, a group of attacking players from each team who come together with their heads down and arms joined, and push against each other, trying to take control of the ball
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scrum - noun (GROUP OF PEOPLE) rozpocznij naukę
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a situation in which a group of people push each other to get to a place or obtain something
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scrum - noun (IN BUSINESS) rozpocznij naukę
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a method used when developing a new product in which a team is allowed to organize itself and make changes quickly as they are needed. It also involves having short meetings every day.
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scrum - noun (IN BUSINESS - SHORT MEETING] rozpocznij naukę
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a short meeting held every day between the members of a team who are developing a new product
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scrum master - NOUN - BUSINESS rozpocznij naukę
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the person responsible for making sure a team of product developers organizes itself effectively and can make changes quickly as they are needed. He or she also leads short meetings of the team every day.
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vertical - noun (BUSINESS) (also vertical market) Their strategy is to focus on software and services for vertical markets. rozpocznij naukę
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a market consisting of businesses that supply products and services to each other
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vertical - noun [ORGANIZATION] The vertical structures of the past are less popular now that decision-making and innovation are encouraged at all operating levels. If there are more than five levels of management, the organization is said to be high in vertical differentiation. rozpocznij naukę
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used to describe the different ranks of managers and workers in an organization:
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vertical blind - NOUN [COVER FOR A WINDOW] rozpocznij naukę
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a cover for a window made of vertical strips of stiff cloth or plastic that can be moved in order to change the amount of light that is allowed in
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vertical farm - NOUN [CROPS] rozpocznij naukę
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a place where crops are grown in tall buildings with many floors vertical farming - NOUN - the business or activity of growing crops in tall buildings in cities:
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vertical equity - NOUN [TAX] rozpocznij naukę
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the principle that people who earn more should pay more for something, especially tax
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horizontal equity - NOUN [TAX] rozpocznij naukę
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the principle that people with a similar ability to pay taxes should pay similar amounts
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vertical garden - NOUN (also living wall, vertical garden) Another striking feature is a high vertical garden with forest-like foliage that covers an outside wall. rozpocznij naukę
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a wall covered with plants that are growing in containers or on special material attached to the wall, often used when there is not much space to grow things on the ground
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vertical loading - NOUN [EMPLOYEE] Vertical loading gives employees responsibilities and control formerly reserved for higher level positions. rozpocznij naukę
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the practice of giving an employee extra tasks with more responsibility in order to develop their skills
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vertical loading - NOUN [DISCS] a vertical-loading CD/DVD player rozpocznij naukę
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a vertical-loading machine, player, etc. is one in which disks or other objects are put into it in a vertical position
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horizontal loading - NOUN [EMPLOYEE] rozpocznij naukę
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the practice of adding extra tasks that need a similar level of skill to an existing job
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vertical integration - NOUN [BUYING A COMPANY] ALSO VERTICAL MERGER Mobile phone companies are becoming more powerful through vertical integration. rozpocznij naukę
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a process in business where a company buys another company that supplies it with goods or that buys goods from it in order to control all the processes of production ALSO - the degree to which a company carries out the different stages in an industrial or commercial process, rather than depending on outside suppliers and customers
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horizontal integration - NOUN [BUYING A COMPANY] rozpocznij naukę
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a situation in which a company buys another company that has the same activities:
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vertical analysis - NOUN [ACCOUNTING] Vertical analysis reports each amount on a financial statement as a percentage of another item. rozpocznij naukę
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in a company’s accounts, a calculation of each particular type of asset, liability, etc. as a percentage of all assets, etc.:
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horizontal analysis - NOUN [ACCOUNTING] rozpocznij naukę
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a comparison of the statements of a person's or company’s income, assets, etc. for two or more periods of time
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vertical disintegration - NOUN [INDUSTRIAL PROCESS] The strategy of vertical disintegration can be used to restore competitive advantage as specialized suppliers are better placed to respond to market needs. rozpocznij naukę
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a situation where different parts of an industrial or commercial process are given to different companies to do, where before they were done by only one
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vertical segregation - NOUN [PEOPLE DO NOT GET JOBS] Career progression of women and men in the higher education sector confirms a pattern of vertical segregation. rozpocznij naukę
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the situation where people do not get jobs above a particular rank in organizations because of their race, age, or sex
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horizontal segregation - NOUN Horizontal segregation arises when men and women do different types of work: heavy manual labour is usually done by men, for example. rozpocznij naukę
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the fact that there are more men than women doing one type of job and more women than men doing another type of job:
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occupational segregation - NOUN rozpocznij naukę
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the fact that some jobs are more typically done by men or women, by people of particular races, religions, etc.:
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vertical take-off - NOUN [AIRCRAFT] rozpocznij naukę
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a way of leaving the ground in which an aircraft rises straight up
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lean - adjective (MEAT HAS LITTLE FAT) rozpocznij naukę
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Lean meat has little fat.
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lean - adjective [THIN AND HEALTHY] rozpocznij naukę
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(of a person) thin and in good physical condition
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lean - adjective (NOT ENOUGH) It has been a particularly lean year for the education department. rozpocznij naukę
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A lean period is a time during which there is not enough of something, esp. money or food
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The conductor leaned over us and asked for our tickets.; She paused for a moment to rest and leaned against a large rock.; He leaned his bike against the wall. rozpocznij naukę
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to move your body away from a vertical position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something:
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When you say that a company or business is lean, you mean that it has the fewest employees it needs to do its work. rozpocznij naukę
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using fewer employees or less money in order to decrease waste, while continuing to operate effectively: Companies are downsizing, aiming to be leaner and more efficient, with demands on employees for greater productivity.
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if costs, goods for sale, materials, or quantities of workers are lean, they are very low, or kept as low as possible NOUN - Leanness means eliminating all waste, including time, and ensuring a smooth and predictable output.
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lean-to - NOUN [OF A LARGER BUILDING] a house with a lean-to garage rozpocznij naukę
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a building joined to one of the sides of a larger building with which it shares one wall
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a shelter or simple building with a roof that slopes in one direction, used for sleeping in outside
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lean and mean - ADJ. [ONLY WHAT IS NECESSARY] The company is driven by technological advances and a lean-and-mean mentality. rozpocznij naukę
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using only what is necessary, and determined to work effectively in order to compete successfully:
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lean manufacturing - NOUN (also lean production) [PRODUCING GOODS]] The factory has adopted a lean manufacturing programme to weed out waste in its production processes. rozpocznij naukę
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the business of producing goods in large numbers using methods that avoid waste and reduce the time taken:
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lean on someone/something [TO DEPEND ON SOMEONE] They had leaned on the dictionary as the authority that answered all their questions. rozpocznij naukę
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to depend on someone or something:
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He said he was leaning toward entering the race for governor. rozpocznij naukę
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to be interested in something and be likely to do a particular activity:
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lean and hungry [STRONG WISH] He's got that lean and hungry look. rozpocznij naukę
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showing a very strong and determined wish to get something:
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lean on sb [MAKE SOMEONE DO WHAT YOU WANT] We may have to lean on them a little if we want our money. rozpocznij naukę
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to try to make someone do what you want by threatening or persuading them:
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lean (sth) against/on sth [TOUCHING SOMETHING AS A SUPPORT] He leaned against the wall. She leaned her head on his shoulder. rozpocznij naukę
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to sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support:
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leaning - NOUN [SET OF BELIEFS] I don't know what his political leanings are. rozpocznij naukę
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a particular set of beliefs, opinions, etc. that someone prefers:
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proclivity - NOUN - FORMAL [SOMEONE LIKE SOMETHING] the sexual proclivities of celebrities his proclivity for shapely blondes rozpocznij naukę
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the fact that someone likes something or likes to do something, especially something considered morally wrong:
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