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Pytanie Odpowiedź
pen lid (US pen cap) [COVER FOR PEN]
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a cover that goes over the top of a pen to stop the ink from escaping
piano lid
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the part of a grand piano that can be opened to let the sound be carried farther
blow/take the lid off sth informal (also lift the lid on sth)
In 1989 they started an investigation that was to blow the lid off corruption in the police force.
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to cause something bad that was previously kept secret to be known by the public:
keep a/the lid on sth informal (also put a lid on sth) [CONTROL THE LEVEL OF STH]
We’ve got to keep a lid on our credit-card purchases.
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to control the level of something in order to stop it increasing:
put the lid on sth UK old-fashioned [PLAIN TO FAIL]
Well, James' resignation just about puts the lid on it/the project.
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If something that happens puts the lid on a plan, it causes the plan to fail:
flip (your lid) - informal [ANGRY]
She'll flip her lid if I'm late again.
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to become very angry:
blow your lid/top/stack informal [ANGRY]
My father will blow his top when he sees what happened to the car.
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to become extremely angry:
stack noun (ROCK) (also sea stack)
The Twelve Apostles is the name of a series of limestone stacks protruding dramatically from the sea.
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a tall piece of rock sticking out of the sea near the coast, formed by the action of the waves against the rock on the coast:
stack noun (ACCIDENT) Australian English informal
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a car accident, especially one that causes damage
the stacks [LIBRARY]
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a set of shelves in a library that are positioned close together so that a lot of books can be stored on them
limestone [WAPIEŃ]
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a white or light grey rock that is used as a building material and in the making of cement
protrude [STICK OUT]; protrusion - noun
A rotting branch protruded from the swamp like a ghostly arm. protruding ears/teeth
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to stick out from or through something:
Tufts of gray hair protruded from under his hat. The snake protruded its tongue and hissed loudly.; A protrusion on the cliffs looks like a human head.
tuft
scrubby tufts of grass
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a bunch or collection of threads, grass, hair, etc., held or growing together at the base
caretaker noun (IN A BUILDING) UK (US or Scottish English janitor); (US also custodian)
a building/school/church caretaker
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a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc.
caretaker noun (GIVES CARE) US (UK carer)
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someone who takes care of a person who is young, old, or sick
caretaker government
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A caretaker government is one that is in power for a short period of time until a new one is chosen.
caretaker [UNTIL PERMANENTLY]
a caretaker boss/manager a caretaker government/president/prime minister
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relating to a person or a group of people who is doing a job until someone can be found to do it permanently
custodian [PERSON WHO PROTECT OR TAKES CARE] - formal
the custodian of a museum/castle
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a person with responsibility for protecting or taking care of something or keeping something in good condition:
a person or organization that is responsible for protecting, caring for, or maintaining something or someone: - The library is a traditional custodian of information.
custodian - formal [PROTECT IDEAS OR PRINCIPLES]
She sees herself as a custodian of the public's morals.
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someone who tries to protect particular ideas or principles:
custodian - US (UK caretaker) [CARE - BUILDING]
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a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc.
custodian [LOOK AFTER MONEY, INVESTMENTS]
The report was sent to the owners and the custodians of the corporation's voting stock.
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someone who has the legal right to manage and look after another person's money, investments, etc.:
janitor mainly US or Scottish English (UK usually caretaker) [CARE - BUILDING]
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a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc.
carer (US caregiver, caretaker) [TAKES CARE OF A PERSON]
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someone who takes care of a person who is young, old, or sick
kinship [POKREWIENSTWO]
Different ethnic groups have different systems of kinship.
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the relationship between members of the same family:
kinship [CLOSE TO OTHER PEOPLE]
He felt a real sense of kinship with his fellow soldiers.
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a feeling of being close or similar to other people or things:
kinship care
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an arrangement in which children live with and are taken care of by another family member, because their parents are unable to take care of them:
kinship carer
The grandfather sought kinship carer status for his daughter's two children.
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someone who lives with and takes care of a family member's children because the family member is unable to do it themselves:
seek verb (SEARCH)
Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
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to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object:
dissident; synonym - dissenter
political dissidents; Union dissidents have challenged the leadership of the current president.
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a person who strongly disagrees with and publicly criticizes a government or the official rulings of a group or organization:
adj. - dissident views
dissenter - formal
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someone who dissents
dissent - formal [DIFFERENCE OF OPINION]
When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent.
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a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief:
Anyone wishing to dissent from the motion should now raise their hand.
dissent [SPORTS]
Rooney was booked for dissent after the referee failed to award United a penalty.
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in sports such as football and rugby, the offence of disagreeing with a decision made by a referee:
dissent [LEGAL OPINION BY A JUDGE]
A staunch conservative, he frequently dissented from the court’s majority opinion.
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A dissent is also a legal opinion by a judge in a court that differs from the opinion of most of the other judges of the court.
staunch - adj. [LOYAL]
She has remained a staunch friend and ally. staunch supporter/defender He is a staunch supporter of free trade.
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always loyal in supporting a person, organization, or set of beliefs or opinions:
staunch (US also stanch) [STOP STH HAPPENING]
The country's asylum laws were amended to staunch the flow/flood of economic migrants.; Mike pressed hard on the wound and staunched the flow of blood.
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to stop something happening, or to stop liquid, especially blood, from flowing out:
To staunch is also to keep something from continuing: - The company abandoned the plan to staunch the departure of more managers.
inclusive [PRICE]
My rent is $700 a month inclusive (of bills).
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An inclusive price or amount includes everything:
We can organize the entire wedding for one inclusive price.
inclusive [DATE]
I'll be away from 20 to 31 May inclusive.
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including the first and last date or number stated:
inclusive [INCLUDING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PEOPLE]
Company retreats were socially inclusive, with janitors and board members sharing cabins.
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including many different types of people, who are treated fairly and equally:
We made sure the discussions were fully inclusive by inviting the community to participate.
inclusive [INCLUDING PARTICULAR THING]
inclusive of sth: The house and grounds, inclusive of all outbuildings, belong to my client.
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containing or including a particular thing:
retreat [BECOME LOWER IN VALUE]
By the end of business, the dollar had retreated by a full percentage point against the euro.
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to become lower in value or amount, especially after getting higher:
retreat [STOP BECAUSE TOO MANY PROBLEMS]
The government is retreating from its promises.
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to decide not to do something, or to stop believing something, because it causes too many problems:
a decision not to do something you had planned to do, because it causes too many problems
retreat [FIGHT]
Enemy soldiers are now in (full) retreat.
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a move back by soldiers or an army, either because they have been defeated or in order to avoid fighting:
retreat [TO GO TO A PRIVATE AND SAFE PLACE]
When he's done something wrong, he retreats to his bedroom.
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to go to a quiet safe place in order to avoid a difficult situation
retreat [TIME FOR PRAY AND STUDY]
We went on (a) retreat at/to a monastery in Wales.
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a period of time used to pray and study quietly, or to think carefully, away from normal activities and duties:
retreat [PRIVATE AND SAFE PLACE]
a country/mountain/lakeside retreat
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a private and safe place
retreat [GO AWAY FROM DANGER]
When she came towards me shouting, I retreated (behind my desk).
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to move back and away from someone or something, esp. because you are frightened or want to be alone
She burst into tears and retreated to the bedroom.
retreat [CHANGE FROM PREVIOUS BELIEFS OR BEHAVIOUR]
The professor's speech marked/signalled a retreat from his usual extreme views.
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a change from previous beliefs or behaviour:
beat a retreat (also beat your retreat) [RUN AWAY FROM DANGER]
When we saw the police arriving we beat a hasty retreat.
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to run away from a dangerous or unpleasant situation:
haste [HURRY]; hastily - adverb; hasty - adj.
Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.
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excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.
In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup.; Don’t make a hasty decision.
excessive [TOO MUCH]; excessively - adverb
The word 'lady' has connotations of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive.
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more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
The present system of tax reliefs is excessively complicated.
excess noun (TOO MUCH)
The new director says there is an excess of staff and that cuts must be made.; Any excess over these expenses represents profit attributable to shareholders.
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an amount that is more than acceptable, expected, or reasonable:
The store has an excess of stock which it must sell off.; They both eat to excess (= a lot more than they need).;
excesses [ACTIONS NOT ACCEPTABLE]
For many years people were trying to escape the excesses (= cruel actions) of the junta.
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actions far past the limit of what is acceptable:
As for shoes, her excesses (= the large number she owned) were well known.
excess noun (INSURANCE) UK (US deductible)
She has an excess of £200 on her home insurance policy.; excess on sth: The policy carries a £40 excess on most claims.
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a part of the cost of an accident, injury, etc. that you agree to pay yourself when you buy insurance:
Cover would cost £239 a year with a £75 excess, or £215 a year with a £250 excess.
in excess of
The company’s losses are in excess of (= more than) $5 million.
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more than:
Last year he earned in excess of $3 million.
refinement noun (PURE SUBSTANCE)
The refinement of raw opium yields other drugs, such as morphine.
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the process of making a substance pure:
refinement [CHANGE THAT IMPROVES STH]
These refinements have increased the machine's accuracy by 25 percent.
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a small change that improves something:
noun - the process of improving something:
refinement noun (POLITENESS)
She's the personification of culture and refinement.
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a quality of politeness and education:
yield verb (PRODUCE)
The investigation yielded some unexpected results.; The excavation yielded some superb artifacts.; Favourable weather yielded a good crop.;
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to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information:
noun - Crop yields have risen steadily.
yield verb (GIVE UP)
They were forced to yield (up) their land to the occupying forces.
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to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to:
yield verb (BEND/BREAK) formal
His legs began to yield under the sheer weight of his body.
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to bend or break under pressure:
yield verb (STOP TO ALLOW OTHER VEHICLES TO GO) US (UK give way)
If you're going downhill, you need to yield to bikers going uphill.
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to stop in order to allow other vehicles to go past, especially before you drive onto a bigger road:
To yield to traffic coming from another direction is to wait and allow it to go first.
yield [ACCEPT TO BE DEFEATED]
It’s easy to yield to the temptation to borrow a lot of money.
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If you yield to something, you accept that you have been defeated by it:
yield noun [CROP OR PROFIT]
Over the past 50 years, crop yields have risen steadily in the US.
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a profit or an amount esp. of a crop produced:
the total amount of a crop, product, etc. that is produced or supplied:
yield noun [PROFIT OR INCOME]
high/low yield: These securities are speculative and may involve greater risks and have higher yields.
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the total amount of profit or income produced from a business or investment:
The bond's yield fell to 6.09%.;
yield [AIRLINE OR HOTEL]
Yield management is not really new to hoteliers, since identical rooms have been sold for higher prices during high season and for lower prices during low season for generations.
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the average amount of money that an airline receives from each passenger for each mile they travel or that a hotel receives from each guest for each night they stay:
yield [PRODUCE A PROFIT]
The stake, analysts say, could yield $700m a year in revenue.; British shares currently yield 3.3%.
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to supply or produce a profit, income, etc.:
yield profit/returns: Even the most unglamorous sectors of the market can yield big returns.
yield [PRODUCE INFORMATION, RESULTS]
yield benefits/information/results: Subsequent product tests yielded better results.
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to supply or produce information, results, etc.:
His emails to company executives yielded no response.
low-yield (also low-yielding) [INVESTMENTS]
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used to describe investments that do not pay much income:
high-yield (also high-yielding) [INVESTMENTS]
The fund will invest in a mix of high-yielding corporate bonds.
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used to describe bonds that pay a lot of interest, shares with high dividends, etc., often involving a high level of risk:
net yield [PROFIT MINUS TAXES]
The fund has a current net yield of 3.85%.
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the profit from an investment after taxes or charges have been taken away:
yield spread (also yield gap) [DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RATES]
yield spread between sth and sth: Demand has narrowed the yield spread between high- and low-quality bonds.
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the difference between the rates of interest on two different types of share, bond, etc.:
yield spread [BANKS]
The yield spread is an economically significant predictor of real economic activity.
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the difference between what banks pay to borrow money and what they charge for lending it:
bond yield
The bond yield earlier in the week touched 6.40%.
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money that is earned from a bond, for example from the interest paid:
gross yield [BEFORE TAXES]
The gross yield on the fixed-rate bond maturing the following year dipped to 2.01%.
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the amount of money that an investment makes before costs are subtracted, usually shown as a percentage:
true yield [PROFIT - TIME CONSIDERED]
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the profit produced by an investment, considering the effect of the time value of money (= the way that payments received in the future are worth less than those received now) or the effect of inflation:
true yield [PROFIT FROM BONDS]
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the profit from bonds, considering the price paid for them, interest payments received on them, and their value when they mature (= when they are paid back):
yield curve [BONDS]
Hong Kong is one of the few Asian debt markets to have a benchmark yield curve for maturity up to 10 years.
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a line on a graph that shows the relationship between the interest rate of bonds and the time left until they have to be paid back:
current yield [RATE OF INCOME FROM AN INVESTMENT FOR A YEAR]
The stock's current yield is 2.3%.
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the rate of income from an investment for a year, calculated by dividing the total income by the current price of the total investment:
equity yield [AMOUNT EARNED ON SHARES]
He believes that the current level of equity yields, at 4%, are realistic and sustainable.
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the amount earned on shares, calculated as a percentage of the money invested:
initial yield [INCOME WHEN IT IS BOUGHT]
The bonds were priced at par with an initial yield of 4.4%. The rate will be reset every Tuesday.
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the amount of income that an investment such as a bond produces at the time it is bought:
on a par (with sb/sth) UK (US on par with sb/sth)
People often don't insist on raises that keep their pay on par with inflation.
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the same as or equal to someone or something:
It is rated on a par with its rivals despite outperforming its sector in almost every measure.
par [GOLF]
Tiger Woods finished the round 10 below/under par.
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the expected number of times in golf that a good player should have to hit the ball in order to get it into a hole or into all the holes:
par (value) [ORIGINAL VALUE OF SHARE OR BOND] (also nominal price)
at par: The bonds were priced at par with an initial yield of 4.4%.
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the original value of a share, bond, etc. when it is first available for sale:
a par value of sth: The Board of Directors authorized the designation of 1,000,000 shares of stock, with a par value of $0.10 per share.
under/below/sub par [THE USUAL STANDARD]
California ranks below par in tackling the retiree health-care issue.
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worse than the usual or expected standard:
par for the course [NORMAL OR TYPICAL]
Massive management fees, he says, are par for the course in keeping an international operation running.
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a situation or standard of work or behaviour that is considered normal or typical:

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