buildings

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AT THE BACK OF A HOUSE: a wooden floor built out from the back of a house, where you can sit and relax outdoors
on a ship: عرشه// on a bus or plane: طبقه
I was sitting on the deck, my back exposed to the sun.
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deck [n]
→ decking
در سكوت و آرامش مركز شهر
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In the calm of the city center
پله برقى
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escalator [n]
ride an escalator
آسانسور
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lift, elevator [n]
چگونه بگوييم كف روى تير فلزى قرار گرفته؟
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hang on [v]
the floor hung on giant steel beams providing uninterrupted space
تير
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beam [n]
items/ material of the building
it enabled a wider audience to appreciate the style and content of the building
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content, ingredients [n]
the main building or offices used by a large company or organization
the place from which military operations are controlled
the headquarters of the United Nations
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headquarters [n]
an object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance, especially one that enables someone to establish their location.
many major landmark projects are all fallowing the lead of the Pompidou Centre
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landmark [n]
the redevelopment of areas within a large city, typically involving the clearance of slums.
نوسازى شهرى
many landmark projects were built in the belief that innovatively designed cultural buildings can bring about urban renewal
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urban renewal
the front of a building, especially a large and important one
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façade
a pattern or structure made of long pieces of wood, plastic etc that cross each other so that the spaces between them are shaped like diamonds /a regular arrangement of objects
مشبك/ شبكه كارى/ تورى منظم
a lattice of steel beams and pipes and a long external escalator snaking up the outside
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lattice [n]
unpleasant to look at; not attractive
unsightly buildings
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Ugly / unsightly [adj]
a thing, especially a building, which is very large and unsightly
This building is another monstrosity celebrated as a brilliant piece of architecture.
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Monstrosity [n]
plural monstrosities
a building that is not attractive
The factory is an eyesore./ They claim the air-bubble dome will be an eyesore.
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Eyesore [n]
to be in a damaged state, often to the extent that it is dangerous
The building has fallen into disrepair over the years.
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Fall into disrepair
no longer at the peak of popularity or success
the paper has lost millions of readers since its heyday in 1964./ the historic building has pased its heyday
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Past its heyday
in very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect
In the middle of town is a derelict building that used to be the school.
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Derelict [adj]
completely destroy a building
The entire east wing of the building was demolished in the fire.
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Demolish [verb]
using little electricity, gas, etc.
How can we make our homes more energy-efficient?
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Energy efficient [adj]
material used to stop heat escaping
Good insulation can save you money on heating bills./ glass-fibre insulation
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Insulation [n]
the outside of something, especially a building
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Exterior [noun]
opp: interior
a design plan or other technical drawing
a blueprint for the new shopping mall
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Blueprint [n] for
to build
They’re putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.
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to put up [verb]
to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again
The hotel has been renovated and redecorated.
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renovate [v]
an outline (as of buildings or a mountain range) against the background of the sky.
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Skyline of the cities
relating to the past./ old building
connected to the study of history: historical evidence/research etc
the Historical Library in Springfield
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historical [adj]
historical building
very old and important
a historic event or act is very important and will be recorded as part of history: a historic meeting of world leaders
the restoration of historic buildings/ ancient historic sites/ our historic monuments
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historic [adj]
tall building with many levels
a high-rise building./ They live in a high rise on the East Side.
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high-rise [adj]/ [n]
a very tall modern city building
His office looked out on the other skyscrapers of downtown Dallas.
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skyscraper [n]
building, car, boat etc has been left by the people who owned or used it
[only before noun] an abandoned person or animal has been left completely alone by the person that was looking after them
The car was found abandoned in Bristol.
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abandoned [adj]
falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged
fall/ fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak/ fail
The roof had collapsed long ago.
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collapse [v]
to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired
destroy somebody’s confidence/hope/faith etc // ruin sb’s life completely
The school was completely destroyed by fire.
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destroy [v]
→ destruction
a building, statue, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person
a very old building or place that is important historically
He erected a monument on the spot where his daughter was killed. //monument to: a fitting monument to the men who died in the battle
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monument [n]
‏memorial →
the time when someone or something was most popular, successful, or powerful
in somebody’s heyday/ past its heyday
Greta Garbo in her heyday
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heyday [n]
to save something or old building from being harmed or destroyed
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preserve old building
an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices,...
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cultural heritage
—-> identity
benefits of preserving old buildings?
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cultural heritage/ tourist attraction/ generate revenue/ educational value
revenue: income
downsides of preserving old buildings?
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occupy too much land compared to the number of pple they accommodate/ it requires a large sum of money
pple: people

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