Penguins evolution fossils

 0    40 fiszek    albertwalicki
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Pytanie Odpowiedź
bezlitosny, pamiętliwy
Unwilling or unable to forgive or show mercy.
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unforgiving
Species like the emperor penguin have overlapping layers of insulating plumage,
upierzenie
Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally.
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plumage
Species like the emperor penguin have overlapping layers of insulating plumage,
przewidywać
to imagine or expect something to happen, appear, etc. in a particular way:
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envision
We envision and design solutions that deliver results today and shape tomorrow.
wyskakiwać, pojawiać się
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pop up
But fossils of ancient penguins have popped up along the Equator,
równik
Od czasu mojej ceremonii przejścia przez równik, przekroczyłem równik wiele razy.
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Equator
ut fossils of ancient penguins have popped up along the Equator,
balsamiczny, kojący (np. powietrze, pogoda)
(of weather) pleasantly warm:
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balmy
To determine how penguins transitioned from balmy, tropical waters to polar seas
błahostka, drobiazg, nic ważnego
someone who is not important and does not deserve respect:
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pipsqueak
"You little pipsqueak!
"
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"
rzadkość
Taka szczerość to rzadkość w dzisiejszych czasach. Gratuluję bycia jednym na milion!
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rarity
rarities like the endangered yellow-eyed penguin and showstoppers like the yellow-tufted rockhopper penguin.
przedstawienie, które jest tak dobre, że zostaje przerwane przez aplauz publiczności
a piece in a stage performance that the audience enjoy so much that their clapping and shouts of approval interrupt the performance
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showstopper
rarities like the endangered yellow-eyed penguin and showstoppers like the yellow-tufted rockhopper penguin.
kępka (np. trawy), kłak (np. włosów), pęk (np. kwiatów)
a number of short pieces of hair, grass, etc. that grow closely together or are held together near the base:
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tuft
rarities like the endangered yellow-eyed penguin and showstoppers like the yellow-tufted rockhopper penguin.
pochodzenie, ród
the members of a person's family who are directly related to that person and who lived a long time before him or her:
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lineage
She's very proud of her ancient royal lineage.
niejasny, mało znany
not known to many people:
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obscure
an obscure island in the Pacific
różnorodny, urozmaicony, pstry
consisting of many different types that do not appear to go together:
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motley
The people who turned up for the meeting were a motley crew (= a group consisting of many different types of people).
żeglaż
a person who travels by sea:
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seafarer
Portugal, a land of seafarers
sprecyzować, dokładnie określić
to discover or describe the exact facts about something:
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pinpoint
Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
wpaść, gwałtownie spaść, rzucać się (np. do wody), przepychać
to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something:
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plunge
We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea.
beczeć, mazać się (płakać), tłuszcz / sadło
to cry in a noisy way like a child; the thick layer of fat under the skin of sea mammals
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blubber
Some of these genes aided penguins’ ability to pack on blubber,
pomarszczony, zeschnięty
much smaller than is needed or wanted:
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shriveled
Some of these genes aided penguins’ ability to pack on blubber, while others molded their shriveled wings into streamlined flippers.
uproszczony, opływowy
improved or made simpler:
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streamlined
Some of these genes aided penguins’ ability to pack on blubber, while others molded their shriveled wings into streamlined flippers.
płetwy (na dole)
one of two parts like arms on the bodies of some sea creatures, such as seals and penguins, used for swimming
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flippers
Some of these genes aided penguins’ ability to pack on blubber, while others molded their shriveled wings into streamlined flippers.
wzmocnić
to support or improve something or make it stronger:
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bolstered
Some even bolstered penguins’ immune systems or helped them tolerate low oxygen during deep dives.
dostroić
to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible:
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fine-tune
The researchers also identified genes that helped fine-tune penguin eyes to peer through icy depths.
podczas
compared with the fact that; but:
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Whereas
Whereas most birds have four color cones in their eyes, one of these is inactive in penguins,
czopki (w oczach)
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cones
Whereas most birds have four color cones in their eyes, one of these is inactive in penguins,
przeszkadzać, hamować, utrudniać
to prevent someone doing something easily:
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hampering
Whereas most birds have four color cones in their eyes, one of these is inactive in penguins, hampering their ability to see green and red.
kłopotliwy
confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something:
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perplexing
Some missing genes were perplexing to the researchers.
pożerać, jeść bardzo szybko
to eat food too fast:
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gobble
While modern penguins gobble krill, the team found evidence that their ancestors lacked genes that would have helped break down crustacean shells.
skorupiak
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crustacean
While modern penguins gobble krill, the team found evidence that their ancestors lacked genes that would have helped break down crustacean shells.
przebijać
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spearing
This may be evidence that ancient penguins were spearing larger prey, like fish and squid
zachować (cos)
to keep or continue to have something:
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retain
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
podniebienie
the top part of the inside of your mouth
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palate
Go ahead and run your tongue along the hard palate
dziwaczny
very strange, bordering on the unimaginable.
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bizarre
Because they look so bizarre, this glacial rate of change seems surprising
pulchny
having a pleasantly soft, rounded body or shape; polite word for FAT
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plump
But it reveals how successful the penguin’s plump yet streamlined body plan is
Na południe
toward the south:
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southward
Juliana Vianna, an ecologist at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, says this idea is consistent with the southward march of penguins occurring during bouts of global cooling.
Polegać na
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rely on
Warming temperatures will impact the biogeographic ranges of penguins, the species they rely on as food and the species that, in turn, hunt them
Nieuchwytny
difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember:
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elusive
The small, puffinlike bird probably lived in ancient New Zealand, but its fossils have proved elusive.
wydatny brzuch
a fat stomach, especially on a man
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paunch
I'm in a different range, am bald and have a paunch
brodzić
to walk through water or other liquid with some effort, because it is deep enough to come quite high up your legs, or thick
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wade
They had to wade through a swamp.
wyczerpujący, obszerny, wszechstronny
complete and including everything that is necessary:
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comprehensive
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