Medieval Vocabulary

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Pytanie American English Odpowiedź American English
Middle Ages
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a time period ranging from 500 to 1500 CE
Medieval
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related to the Middle Ages
Monk
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a man who was dedicated to his religion and lived in an isolated community
Monastery
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a community of monks
Missionary
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someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion
Christendom
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large community of Christians spread across the world
Charlemagne
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Charlemagne leader of the Franks who united many European tribes in a single empire
Knight
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soldiers who fought on horseback
Chivalry
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the code of conduct in medieval Europe that showed the qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honor, and courtesy
Fief
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a plot of land estate granted by a lord to a vassal
Vassal
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a person who is receiving something in exchange for loyalty and support. This could be a knight who received land in exchange for supporting a noble or a nobleman who received land from other noblemen in return for their services.
Feudalism
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Feudalism a social system in which nobles governed land farmed by peasants
William the Conqueror
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A French noble who conquered England in the Norman Invasion and spread the concept of feudalism
Manor
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a large agricultural estate that was owned by a lord or knight
Serf
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someone who lived and worked on a manor that could not leave without the lord’s permission, legally bound to the land
Guild
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Guild associations formed by groups of specialized workers, workers practicing the same craft that joined together to protect their economic interests
Excommunicate
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to remove someone from the church
Secular
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nonreligious
Crusades
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Crusades series of wars between Muslims and Christians over control of Palestine
Holy Land
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land around Palestine that is significant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Clergy
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church officials, people who are trained and ordained for religious services
Gothic
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Gothic new building style of the Middle Ages that combined religious symbolism with engineering advances, usually used to build cathedrals
Natural Law
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the belief from Thomas Aquinas that God created a law to govern how the world operated
Pilgrimage
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journey undertaken to workshop at a religious place
Magna Carta
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the Great Charter that required the King of England to respect certain rights of the people
Parliament
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an assembly of representatives who make laws, a law-making group that was formed to advise the King of England and limit his power
Common law
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a body of law that has developed from custom and from judges’ decisions rather than from laws passed by a lawmaking assembly
Hundred Years’ War
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Hundred Years’ War a conflict between England and France about who should be king that lasted over 100 years
Black Death
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a deadly plague that killed roughly 25 million Europeans between 1347 and 1351
Peasants’ Revolt
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Peasants’ Revolt unsuccessful revolt by peasants against feudal lords in England in 1381
Reconquista
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the process of the Christian kingdoms taking Spain back from the Moors
Inquisition
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an organization of priests that punished anyone in Spain (and later Portugal) who was not Christian

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