#1

She lost the thread of the conversation after a time. // But just like that he had lost the thread of the conversation. // After three sentences I have lost the thread of the argument.

Maybe you got some grit in your eye. // A lorry full of grit arrived at the construction site.

And something very unsettling in the way he looked at her. // We fully appreciate that coming into hospital can be an unsettling experience // His sense of humour was really unsettling

On the wall was a picture of a robust young man. // He is in robust health // He was always the robust one, physically strong and mentally sharp.

Long and short vowels affect language rhythm // "A" and "E" are vowels.

It's very difficult to pronounce a word with many consonants // The "H" consonant is silent in this word

I had to cram for a test // before the exam, some students cram for it

study for the exam in a very concentrated way for a short time

He tried to cram all his clothes in/into one suitcase.

Eight children were crammed into the back of the car.

I need to do a revision before the exam tomorrow

He is revising for his maths exam // When studying for a test, it is important to review actively, not passively. // Anna was nervously reviewing the material for her secondary-school leaving exam. (Am.E.)

Many of the following questions were taken from specimen and past papers. // Copies of past papers may be purchased from the Society. // Past papers enable you to experience the number, style and variety of exam questions.

exam papers from the past years

You should simply learn it by heart. // But I know how many of my generation hated learning by heart. // Songs have to be learned by heart and performed on stage.

They do several different shows per year, and all music is memorized. // I had two weeks to memorize four years of work.

Rote learning is prevalent in many religious schools throughout the world. // I think our education is much more rote learning than the Japanese system, at least in mathematics.

purely by repetition

The only way to get through medical school is mnemonics. // He had been practicing mnemonics with Tom, and it seemed to work.

tricks that help you remember something

She focused on her task intensively. // He trained intensively to win the race.

He has to write a composition for tomorrow. // Your son wrote an excellent composition, you should be proud!

could be just 50-100 words, often used for school work

I have to finish writing my essay // What is the topic of your essay?

longer than a composition, more serious

That will be your next assignment // The teacher gave the students an assignment.

a long essay, often part of the course

When are you defending your dissertation? // He wrote his dissertation on neuroleptics.

a long, research-based work, for a degree or diploma

Your thesis is of practical importance, so you must publish it!

a very long, original, research-based work, for a higher degree e.g. PhD

Kids should be taught at an early age about plagiarism. // He has never been caught up in a plagiarism scandal.

I acknowledged that it was my fault. // I want you to acknowledge that there's a problem // I acknowledge him as our leader. // Please, acknowledge this reward as a recognition of your kindness.

You must submit your application by January 1st. // The developers submitted building plans for approval.

Can you assess the value of this ring? // I can't assess how many people came to the concert // I need to assess these papers by tomorrow // Can you assess our chance to win this match?

I'm going to carry out research on the impact of climate change on the environment // University academics carry out research

Talk point: Why don't more academics use open educational resources? // Open educational resources often involve issues relating to intellectual property rights.

This sleeping bag is suitable for demanding weather conditions. // We have to deal with this demanding client.

The team dropped out of the competition // I dropped out of university after the first semester. // I got a job so I will drop out of college.