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Conventional implicatures rozpocznij naukę
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these are hints or extra meanings tied to specific words in a sentence, like "but" or "even". They provide additional information beyond the literal words used
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these are assumptions or things we assume to be true before saying something. They often show up in sentences, assuming certain information is already known or accepted by the listener "how do you like my hair? let's get going" assumes acceptance of the hairstyle, subtly pushing towards leaving.
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It's when you avoid disagreeing directly or you're not sure about your opinion. You use "I think" or "maybe" to express such statements less direct.
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Express possibility - can, may
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suggest opinions - believe, suggest
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adjectives, adverbs, nouns rozpocznij naukę
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soften statements - unlikely, assumptions
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add imprecision - roughly
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express cautious opinions - we believe
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rozpocznij naukę
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combine elements of hedging (it seems reasonable)
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rozpocznij naukę
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study of language use in context. Pragmatic competence refers to the ability to use language effectively in social situations
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In language, frames and scripts are like mental folders, that help us understand and interpret words based on the context. Frames organize information about a concept, while scripts help us anticipate the sequence of events in a situation. They make it easier for us to grasp the meaning behind words in differect contexts
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It is about stydying how we communicate through words, both spoken and written. It looks at how listeners or readers understand these words based on their knowledge and feelings. It focuses only on verbal expressions, excluding non-verbal cues
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1,2,3,4 standards of textuality rozpocznij naukę
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1) Cohesion - the way elements in a text are connected or related to each other 2) Coherence - the overall sense of unity and clarity in a text, where ideas logically connect and form meaning. 3) Informativity - the amount of information provided in a text. 4) Intentionality - the clear expression of the author's purpose
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5,6,7 standards of textuality rozpocznij naukę
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5) Acceptability - The extent to which the language and content of the text conform to the expectations of the audience or community. 6) Situationality - How well the text fits into the context or situation in which it is produced and received. 7) Intertextuality - The relationship between a text and other texts, acknowledging how they influence or refer to each other.
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