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Pytanie American English Odpowiedź American English
displacement
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language can be used to talk about things that are located elsewhere in time and space
reflexivity
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language can be used to talk about language itself
duality of patterning
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meaningless units are combined into meaningful ones, which can be combined into larger meaningful units
productivity
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new utterances can be readily coined and understood
arbitrariness
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there is no natural or logical reason why a particular form is associated with a particular meaning
the linear nature of the form
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the arrangement of signs is constrained by Time and unfolds sequentially in speech or writing
conventionality
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the meaning of a sign depends on a shared understanding established within a linguistic community
compositionality
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complex meanings are built by combining simpler elements according to specific rules of principles
linguistics
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is a scientific study of language, descriptive, the study of a set of rules
applied linguistics
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is the branch of linguistics concerned with practical applications of language studies: teaching, translation, speech therapy
literary studies
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the study of written works, of which poetry, drama and narrative fiction constitute today

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