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adjective C2 formal • synonyms: illegal, forbidden, immoral • illicit drugs/trade/relationship/activity; engage in illicit conduct; illicit profits/dealings/scheme • freq in AmE: 6/10
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not allowed by law, rules, or social norms; forbidden because it is morally, legally, or ethically unacceptable
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adjective C2 formal • synonyms: implied, indirect, unspoken, tacit • implicit meaning/criticism/assumption/agreement; be implicit in something • freq in AmE: 7/10
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suggested or understood without being directly stated; not expressed openly or clearly
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adjective C2 formal • synonyms: absolute, unconditional, complete • implicit trust/faith/obedience/loyalty; have implicit confidence in someone • freq in AmE: 6/10
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complete and without doubt; not questioned or challenged
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collocation with implicit adjective [adj + noun ] C2 formal / analytical • synonyms: indirect, subtle, unspoken • an implicit criticism/assumption/message/meaning; contain/express an implicit criticism • freq in AmE: 6/10
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a criticism that is suggested or implied rather than stated directly; a subtle or indirect expression of disapproval
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collocation with implicit adjective [adj + preposition ] C2 formal / academic • synonyms: inherent in, contained in, embedded in • implicit in something; assumption/message/risk implicit in something • freq in AmE: 6/10
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existing or suggested within something, even though it is not stated directly; naturally contained or implied in an idea, statement, or situation
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collocation with implicit adjective [adj + noun ] C2 formal/religious/philosophical • synonyms: absolute, unwavering, unquestioning • implicit faith/trust/obedience/confidence; have/show/place implicit faith in someone/something • freq in AmE: 5/10
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complete and unquestioning trust or belief in someone or something, often without requiring proof or evidence
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collocation with implicit adjective [adj + noun ] C2 formal • synonyms: absolute, complete, total, unquestioning • implicit trust/confidence/faith; place/have/build implicit trust in someone; relationship based on implicit trust • freq in AmE: 6/10
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complete, unquestioning confidence in someone or something; trust that is so strong it does not require proof, explanation, or constant reassurance
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collocation with implicit adjective [adj + noun ] C2 formal • synonyms: absolute, blind, unquestioning, total • implicit obedience/faith/trust; show/demand/expect implicit obedience; implicit obedience to someone/something • freq in AmE: 5/10
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complete and unquestioning obedience to someone’s authority, often accepted automatically or without hesitation
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adjective C2 • synonyms: provocative, inflammatory, explosive • incendiary speech/article/remark/style; politically/socially/emotionally incendiary • freq in AmE: 4/10
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designed to cause fire or capable of igniting conflict; metaphorically, describes speech, writing, or actions that provoke strong emotions, controversy, or unrest
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adjective C2 • synonyms: unimaginable, unbelievable, absurd • find something inconceivable; it’s inconceivable that...; once/utterly/completely inconceivable • freq in AmE: 5/10
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impossible to imagine, comprehend, or accept as true; so unlikely or extreme that it defies belief or understanding
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adjective C2 formal • synonyms: unreadable, incomprehensible, obscure • indecipherable handwriting/message/speech/code; remain/become indecipherable; indecipherable to someone • freq in AmE: 5/10
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too difficult or impossible to understand, interpret, or read due to obscurity, complexity, poor quality, or unfamiliarity; often used for writing, speech, symbols, or code
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adverb C2 medical/formal • synonyms: via IV, by IV, through a vein • administer/deliver/give something intravenously; receive fluids/drugs intravenously; act intravenously • freq in AmE: 3/10
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by means of injection into a vein; used to describe the method of delivering fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream
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adjective C1/C2 • synonyms: complex, elaborate, sophisticated • intricate design/pattern/system/argument/network • freq in AmE: 7/10
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having many small parts or details arranged in a complex or delicate way; often used to describe things that are elaborate, sophisticated, or difficult to understand due to their fine structure or layered meaning
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adjective [formal ] C2 moral/legal • synonyms: sacred, untouchable, unbreakable • inviolable right/law/border/principle/oath • treat something as inviolable; regard X as inviolable • freq in AmE: 5/10
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never to be broken, dishonored, or violated; used especially to describe principles, rights, promises, or spaces that are sacred, absolute, or morally untouchable
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collocation with impervious adjective C1 formal/lit. • synonyms: unaffected, immune, indifferent • impervious to pain/criticism/influence/emotion/weather • remain/be/seem impervious to something • freq in AmE: 6/10
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not affected or influenced by something; emotionally or physically resistant to external forces such as criticism, pain, pressure, or persuasion
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adjective C1 • synonyms: unbeatable, indomitable, unconquerable • feel/become/remain invincible; invincible army/spirit/hope • freq in AmE: 6/10
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impossible to defeat, overcome, or subdue; suggests absolute strength, resilience, or superiority — often used figuratively to express emotional or symbolic power
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adjective C2
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not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between
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collocation with intermittent adjective C2 • synonyms: glance occasionally, steal looks, eye subtly • cast intermittent glances at sb; glance intermittently; exchange glances • freq in AmE: 4/10
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to look at someone occasionally and briefly, often with subtlety or emotional undertone — suggesting curiosity, distraction, or restrained attention
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adjective C1 • synonyms: commanding, domineering, haughty • imperious tone/gesture/attitude • freq in AmE: 5/10
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showing arrogant superiority, commanding in tone or manner, and expecting unquestioned obedience — often without justification or empathy
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adjective C1 • synonyms: flawless, spotless, perfect, pristine • immaculate appearance/performance/record/style; immaculate logic/English/manners; immaculate room/outfit • freq in AmE: 6/10
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perfectly clean, neat, or tidy; also used figuratively to mean flawless, without any mistakes or blemishes
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collocation with indispensable adjective C2 formal/neutral • synonyms: essential, vital, crucial • indispensable to someone/something; indispensable role/resource/support; prove/become/remain indispensable; absolutely indispensable • freq in AmE: 7/10
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absolutely necessary; essential and impossible to do without
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adjective C2 disapproving/humorous • synonyms: hopeless, unreformable, unrepentant • incorrigible liar/flirt/gambler/child • freq in AmE: 5/10
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impossible to correct, reform, or change — often used to describe someone whose behavior is persistently bad, mischievous, or endearingly flawed
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adjective C2 • synonyms: untreatable, hopeless, terminal, persistent, chronic, unchangeable, hopelessly (figurative) • an incurable disease/condition/illness; an incurable optimist/romantic; be incurable • freq in AmE: 8/10
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(of a disease or condition) that cannot be cured; (figurative) having a strong and unchanging habit, attitude, or feeling that will never go away
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collocation with incurable adjective C2 • synonyms: hopeless romantic, eternal dreamer, sentimental idealist • be/remain an incurable romantic; appeal to incurable romantics • freq in AmE: 8/10
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someone who will always believe in love and romance, even when experience or reason suggests otherwise
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collocation with incurable adjective C2 • synonyms: eternal optimist, hopeful dreamer, positive thinker, glass-half-full person • be/remain an incurable optimist; sound/talk like an incurable optimist • freq in AmE: 8/10
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someone who always expects the best to happen and continues to be hopeful, even in difficult or disappointing situations
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adjective C1 formal • synonyms: fearless, bold, daring • intrepid explorer/journalist/team; intrepid spirit/approach/adventure • freq in AmE: 5/10
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fearless and adventurous, often in the face of danger or uncertainty; showing boldness and courage
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adjective C2 • synonyms: immune-deficient, vulnerable • immunocompromised patients/children; protect/treat the immunocompromised; severely/mildly immunocompromised • freq in AmE: 4/10
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having an impaired or weakened immune system, making one more susceptible to infections, complications, or disease
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adjective C2 formal • synonyms: intrinsic, built-in, innate • inherent in something; something is inherent in something • inherent risk/flaw/value/bias/contradiction • freq in AmE: 7/10
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existing as a natural, essential, or permanent part of something; intrinsic and inseparable from the nature of the thing
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collocation with inherent adjective C2 formal • synonyms: built-in risk, baseline exposure • inherent risk in doing something • inherent risk of failure/injury/loss; assess/mitigate/carry inherent risk • freq in AmE: 6/10
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a risk that is naturally embedded in a process, activity, or system — existing before any controls or safeguards are applied
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adjective [literary/formal ] C1 • synonyms: harsh, stormy, severe, bleak • inclement weather/conditions/winter; flight delays due to inclement weather; inclement mood/response/atmosphere • freq in AmE: 3/10
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(of weather) unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy; harsh and severe in conditions
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collocation with inclement adjective C1 formal • synonyms: harsh weather, adverse conditions, severe climate • inclement conditions/weather/environment; expedition cancelled due to inclement conditions • freq in AmE: 2/10
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harsh, unpleasant, or severe environmental conditions, typically involving cold, wind, rain, or storms; often used in official or literary contexts to describe weather-related adversity
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collocation with inclement adjective C1 formal • synonyms: adverse weather, stormy conditions, severe climate • inclement weather forecast/event delay/disruption; travel affected by inclement weather • freq in AmE: 4/10
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unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy weather; typically used in formal or official contexts to describe adverse atmospheric conditions that may disrupt plans or pose risks
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