Zaliczenie Ang 25.11

artificial organ

a man-made device or tissue designed to replace, support, or enhance the function of a failing or missing biological organ in the human body

ventricle

two small, hollow spaces, one in each side of the heart, that force blood into the tubes

porcine

relating to pigs

4. algorithm

4. a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations

external

belonging to or forming the outer surface or structure of something

cochlear implant

a device that helps people hear

retina

- the light-sensitive layer at the back of the ey

olfactory bulb

the part of the brain that detects smells

vestibular system

the part of the inner ear that controls balance

scaffold

a structure that supports cell growth

adhesion

the ability to stick to a surface or to each other

differentiation

- the process of becoming different or distinct from others

artificial

not natural, but made by people

rejection

the process in which the immune system recognizes transplanted tissue or organ as foreign and attacks it

tailor

to make or change something so that it is suitable

versatile

useful for doing a lot of different things

proliferate

to increase in number very quickly

vascular

containing veins

durable

remaining in good condition for a long time

symptom

a physical feeling or problem that shows that you have a particular illness

Transpedicular screw

A surgical implant inserted through the vertebral pedicle into the vertebral body to stabilize segments and facilitate fusion (commonly in thoracic/lumbar spine)

Cannulated screw

A screw with a central channel (and sometimes cement holes); can be guided over wire and/or augmented with cement, helpful in osteoporotic bone.

compliant with

meets and conforms to specified rules, standards, or requirements

Sterilizable

can be safely sterilized without losing function or integrity

Fatigue (in materials)

progressive damage from repeated/cyclic loading that can lead to cracks and failure at stresses below the static strength

radiolucency

property of materials (e.g., PEEK) that appear “transparent” on X-ray/CT, aiding postoperative imaging and fusion assessment

irritation

a local, usually reversible inflammatory response of tissue (e.g., redness, stinging) caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents

Insertion torque

rotational force required during screw placement; correlates with bone quality and immediate fixation stability

Contraindication

A reason not to use a treatment or device because it could be unsafe for a particular patient

peacemaker

a small device that helps control the heartbeat

Atrial fibrillation

an irregular and often fast heartbeat

Palpitation

a feeling that your heart is beating fast or irregularly

dizziness

a feeling that you or everything around you is spinning or moving

fainting

suddenly losing consciousness for a short time

contract

to become smaller or tighter; muscles do this when they work

Biventricular

– involving both ventricles (the two lower chambers of the heart).

Atrium

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

Convalescence

– the time when you are getting better after an illness or operation

Cardiac arrest

when the heart suddenly stops beating

Malignant

a stage of cancer that is harmful and difficult to treat

Contracture

a muscle or other tissue that has become permanently shorter causing a body part

capsular

used to describe a body part that looks like a small container

Mammary gland

an organ in a woman's breast that produces milk

armpit

- the hollow place under your arm where your arm joins your body

Enhance

to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something

Malleable

a malleable substance is easily changed into a new shape

Metastasis

the spread of a disease, especially cancer, from the place where it started in the body to other areas

Irritation

a painful or sore feeling in a part of the body

Solvent

a liquid in which solid substances become melted

Prosthesis (pl. prostheses)

1. Prosthesis (pl. prostheses) – an artificial body part that replaces a missing one, such as a leg or an arm

socket

the part of a prosthetic limb that connects to the remaining part of the body

rigid

unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible

pylon

– the internal structure of a prosthetic leg that provides strength and supports body weight

Prosthetics

– the science of or the part of medicine that deals with artificial body parts

Residual limb

the portion of an arm or leg left after an amputation

Composite

a combination of two or more distinct materials with different physical or chemical properties, combined on a macroscopic scale to create a new material with superior qualities like greater strength, stiffness, or toughness

Prosthetist

a person who makes artificial body parts, such as an arm, foot, or tooth, that replace missing parts, a specialist in prosthetics

sensor

device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it

Prosthetic

relating to an artificial body part that replaces a missing part

smart biomaterial

a material that changes in response to stimulus

hydrogel

a soft, water-filled materal made of polymers

nanomaterial

a material with a structure ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers

Drug delivery system

a method or material used to control how and where a drug is released in the body

Shape memory

a property of a material that allows it to return to its original shape after being deformed

Stimulus

an external factor that causes the material to react, such as heat or light

Polymers

substances made of very long chains of small molecules

Bioconjugates

molecules that combine a biological component with another chemical substance to create new or enhanced functions

Coil

a structure formed when something is wound or twisted into a spiral shape

Shape recovery

the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed

self-propelled

able to move by its own power

mobility issue

a disability that affects movement

life-altering

having an effect that is strong enough to change someone's life

foldable

able to be folded into a small space

push-rim

an extra rim attached to a wheel used to impart motion to the wheel

push handle

the part by which a wheelchair is pushed

paraplegic

a person affected by paralysis of the legs and lower body

quadriplegic

a person affected by paralysis of all four limbs

lever

a bar or handle that moves around a fixed point

voice synthesiser

converts written text into spoken audio using computational models to generate human-like speech

Pancreas

An organ in the body that produces insulin and other digestive enzymes

Diabetes

A chronic condition where the body cannot properly use or produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels

Bolus

A single, larger dose of insulin delivered to cover food intake or correct high blood sugar

Basal Rate

A continuous, small amount of insulin delivered by an insulin pump to keep blood sugar stable between meals and overnight

Cannula

A small, flexible tube inserted under the skin to deliver fluids into the body

Reservoir

The part of an insulin pump that holds the insulin before it is delivered through the tubing and cannula

Rapid-acting

Starts working quickly

Infusion

The process of delivering fluids or medication into the body, often through a tube or needle

Mimics

Imitates or copies the function or behavior of something else

On-demand

Something that is available or done whenever it is needed, rather than at a fixed time

Alcohol swabs

Small pads soaked in alcohol, used to clean the skin before injections or medical procedures to prevent infection

Microbubbles

Tiny gas-filled bubbles, often used in medical imaging or drug delivery.

T-junction

A point where one channel joins another at a right angle, forming a "T" shape.

sonication

The use of sound waves (usually ultrasound) to mix or break apart particles in a liquid

Air embolism

A blockage of blood vessels caused by air bubbles entering the bloodstream

Solvent

A liquid that dissolves other substances to form a solution

intact

Whole or undamaged; not broken or altered

Ripening

The process by which something matures or reaches full development (e.g., fruits or emulsions)

Glass transition

The reversible change of a material (like a polymer) from a hard, glassy state to a soft, rubbery state

Suspension

A mixture where small solid particles are dispersed throughout a liquid without dissolving

Exhaled

Breathed out; released from the lungs.