lesson 2 SIMPLE PRESENT

 0    66 fiszek    josehbaltazar
ściągnij mp3 drukuj graj sprawdź się
 
Pytanie English Odpowiedź English
SIMPLE PRESENT
You need...
rozpocznij naukę
SUBJECT + VERB
You need a boyfriend that says to you "I love you, baby"
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for permanent facts that are always true.
rozpocznij naukę
The night is dark.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for present facts that are true now.
rozpocznij naukę
I feel happy.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is used to make statements about the present time, for habitual actions.
rozpocznij naukę
I get up late.
Examples
I do my best. Period. I look great. I know. I speak Spanish.
rozpocznij naukę
I take care of my mom. I write mystery novels. I believe.
I like to like. I work 24/7. I cook Russian food.
The SIMPLE PRESENT is also used to talk about scheduled events in the near future, for example, when talking about events that happen at a set of time like timetables, meetings or programs.
The next train arrives at 1 a.m... Enjoy me while you wait! (to get pleasure from something)
rozpocznij naukę
The train arrives at 1 a.m. The meeting begins after lunch. The show ends in five minutes.
QUESTION: To make a Simple Present question use: DO/DOES + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE without "to"
Do you read?
rozpocznij naukę
Do you work? Do you like music? Do you go to the movies? Do you like travelling?
No, I don't.
NEGATIVE To take a Simple Present negative use:
I don't like... I don't like people.
rozpocznij naukę
SUBJECT + DON'T/DOESN'T + INFINITIVE without to
DO + NOT=DON'T; DOES + NOT= DOESN'T
The 3rd person singular in Simple Present
I look great, you look great, We look great, you look great, they look great.
rozpocznij naukę
In Simple Present, add S to the verb in the third person singular (he, she, it)
He looks great, She looks great, It looks great.
for verbs ending in O,
do
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
does
for verbs ending in S,
kiss
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
kisses
for verbs ending in X,
mix
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
mixes
for verbs ending in CH.
catch
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
catches
for verbs ending in SH,
push
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
pushes
for verbs ending in Y after a consonant
cry
rozpocznij naukę
change Y to IES
cries
Use "does" for QUESTIONS
Does he stink? Does she stink? Does it stink?
rozpocznij naukę
and "doesn't to form NEGATIVES
He doesn't snore. She doesn't snore. It doesn't snore.
PLURALS When a countable noun refers to two or more things,
computer, phantom, umbrella, house, book, hat
rozpocznij naukę
use the plural form of the noun.
Plurals are generally created by ADDING S to the noun. computers, phantoms, umbrellas, houses, books, hats.
With some nouns it is a little different.
rozpocznij naukę
These are the most COMMON EXCEPTIONS.
FOR NOUNS ENDING IN: O, S, X, ZZ, CH, SH
potato, kiss, box, buzz, witch, dish
rozpocznij naukę
add ES
potatoes, kisses, boxes, buzzes, witches, dishes
For a noun ending in Z,
quiz
rozpocznij naukę
add ZES.
quizzes
And for some nouns ending in O,
photo, piano
rozpocznij naukę
add S
photos, pianos
CONSONANT + Y
city
rozpocznij naukę
change Y to IES
cities
MOST NOUNS ENDING IN F OR FE
wolf
rozpocznij naukę
change to VES
wolves
MOST NOUNS ENDING IN IS
crisis
rozpocznij naukę
change to ES
crises
IRREGULAR PLURALS
rozpocznij naukę
IRREGULAR NOUNS don't follow the previous rules. These are the most common. man-men; woman-women; child-children; foot-feet; sheep-sheep; tooth-teeth; person-people; mouse-mice
A COUNTABLE NOUN can have a number in front of it and can be plural:
rozpocznij naukę
3 years, 2 suitcases, 1 rabbit.
An UNCOUNTABLE NOUN cannot have a number in front of it and there is no plural form:
rozpocznij naukę
air, water, oil, hope
ARTICLES WITH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
rozpocznij naukę
A/AN, THE
Use a COUNTABLE NOUN: with A/AN the first time you use that noun
rozpocznij naukę
There is a naked man in the garden.
A- when the noun starts with consonant; AN - when the noun starts with vowel
rozpocznij naukę
a friend; an egg
Use a COUNTABLE NOUN: with THE The subsequent times you use the noun, or when the listener already knows what you are referring to.
rozpocznij naukę
The naked man is dancing.
Use a PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUN with NO ARTICLE when you speak in general.
rozpocznij naukę
I don't like children.
Use an UNCOUNTABLE NOUN with NO ARTICLE if you mean all or any of that thing.
rozpocznij naukę
I don't need help.
Use an UNCOUNTABLE NOUN with THE when you are talking about a particular example.
rozpocznij naukę
Thanks for the help you didn't give me before.
How much
rozpocznij naukę
How many
Use "how much"
How much is it?
rozpocznij naukę
to ask about something that is UNCOUNTABLE
Use "how many"
How many would you like?
rozpocznij naukę
to ask about something that is COUNTABLE
1 orange, 2 oranges, 3 oranges
SOME and ANY
rozpocznij naukę
are used when the speaker doesn't specify a number or an exact amount.
SOME is used in POSITIVE SENTENCES with uncountable nouns
rozpocznij naukę
You have some butter on your nose
SOME is used in POSITIVE SENTENCES with plural countable nouns
rozpocznij naukę
You have some boogers in your nose.
Booger or Boogers may refer to: Mucus or snot, always dried nasal mucus (U.S. colloquial)
ANY is used in QUESTIONS and NEGATIVE SENTENCES with uncountable nouns:
rozpocznij naukę
I don't want any risk in my life.
ANY is used in QUESTIONS and NEGATIVE SENTENCES with plural countable nouns:
rozpocznij naukę
Do you have any friends?
Use SOME in questions when offering/requesting:
Two common exceptions to these rules: 1
rozpocznij naukę
Would you like some more tea, darling?
Use ANY in positive sentences when it means "it doesn't matter which":
Two common exceptions to these rules: 2
rozpocznij naukę
You can call me at any time.
What's that noise? Is that a rat? Are there any rats?
rozpocznij naukę
Yes... There are some rats. Well, a lot of rats!
Are they close?
rozpocznij naukę
Yes, very close! And they are big! Some of them look hungry... with big teeth.
Are there any subway employees around?
rozpocznij naukę
No, there aren't any subway employees!
THERE IS THERE ARE
rozpocznij naukę
"There is" and "there are" are used to say that something exists or doesn't exist.
THERE IS is used for a singular subject.
rozpocznij naukę
there is a nice rink. There is no King Kong. Yes, there is a guy skating on an ice rink and there is a girl skating on a building? No, there isn't.
THERE ARE is used for a plural subject.
rozpocznij naukę
There are a lot of buildings. There are no trees. Are there any school buses? Yes, there are. Are there people skating?
Demonstratives
rozpocznij naukę
THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE
Demonstratives are used to show the distance from the speaker.
rozpocznij naukę
The distance can be psychological or physical.
THIS
rozpocznij naukę
for singular nouns that are near.
THESE
rozpocznij naukę
for plural nouns that are near.
THAT
rozpocznij naukę
for singular nouns that are far.
THOSE
rozpocznij naukę
for plural nouns that are far.
Demonstratives can be: PRONOUNS
rozpocznij naukę
This is the dead tree. I don't like that. These are mine. Those are my neighbors.
Demonstratives can be: ADJECTIVES
rozpocznij naukę
This tree is dead. I came in that car. I left these garbage bags. Those guys are unpleasant.
POSSESSIVES PRONOUNS and ADJECTIVES
SUBJECT PRONOUN: I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They.
rozpocznij naukę
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN: MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, OURS, YOURS, THEIRS
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE: MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, YOUR, THEIR
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS are used instead of a noun.
She is mine. Vivian's husband is every woman's dream husband.
rozpocznij naukę
Peggy's dress is pink. Mine is black.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES are usually to describe a noun, and, like other adjectives, come before the noun.
rozpocznij naukę
My dress is nicer than her dress.
Use a SINGULAR NOUN with 'S to show possession:
'S + NOUNS
rozpocznij naukę
I don't like my sister's boy friend.
Use S' with a REGULAR PLURAL NOUN.
rozpocznij naukę
I love ladies' shoes.
Use 'S with an IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN:
rozpocznij naukę
I don't care about men's shoes.
With NAMES:
rozpocznij naukę
Kate's dog barks every night. Do you have Susan's phone number?
When a name ends in S, treat it like any other singular noun and add 'S
rozpocznij naukę
Don't eat Charles's breakfast.

Musisz się zalogować, by móc napisać komentarz.