jezykoznastwo

bilabial & plosive

sounds produced with both lips

morphology

structure od words

syntax

putting words together to create a sentence

semantics

studying the meaning

pramatics

analysing the context

symbols

are conventional, dont have anything in them to indicate the creature they are representing

signs

give examples they point to what they represent

language

is a sustem of signs with sevetal levels of organisation

the mama theory

language began with the easiest sylables being attached to the most significant objects

tata theory

language derived from gestures

bow wow

imigration of natural sounds, onomatopeia/echoism

pooh pooh

began with interjections, instinctive emotive cries such as oh and ouch

ding dong

mysterious correspondance between sounds and meanings, sound symbolism (small sharp high things tend to have words with high front vowels where big rough low things have round back vowels)

go heave ho

began as rythmic chants, perchaps from grunts of heavy work (calling for assistance or cooperation by gestures)

sing song

comes out of play, laughter, cooing, courtship, emotional mutterings. first words were long and musical rather than short grunts

hey you!

contact theory, began with sounds signaling identity and belonging

hocus pocus

language might have had roots in magical i religious aspects. perhaps we began by calling out to animals with magical sounds which later became their names

eureka! theory

conciously invented

monogenisis

language was invined just once whrn our ancestors had genetic and physioligical prioerties needed to invinte language

polygenesis

language was invinted many times

the divine source

in greek mythology prometeus was the one who gave humans language

the natural sounds source

first words were imitations of natutal sounds. another idea is tgat sounfs origin of language came from cries of emotion

physiological adaptation

humans have physical aspects that make the production of speech (teeth, lips, mouth, tounge, larynx, brain)

two major functions of language use

1. the interactional function 2. tge transactional function-communicating knowlage, skill and information

phonology

functions and distribution of speech words

morphemes

the smallest linguistic elements with a meaning/grammatical function. they cant be devided

linguistics

scientific study of language

morphology

structure of words

syntax

putting elements together to create a sentence

semantics

studying the meaning

pragmatics

analysing the context

symbols

are conventional they dont have anything in them to indicate the creature they ate representing

signs

give examples they point to what they represent

language

is a system of sumbols with several levels of organization

the mama theory

language began with the easiest sylables being attached to the most significant objects

the tata theory

language began as a unconvious vocal imigration of movements lamguage detived from gestures

the bow wow theory/onomatopeia

language began as imigrations of natural sounds moo cho-cho crash

the pooh pooh theory

lanhuage began with interactions, instinctive emotive cries wuch as oh or ouch

the ding dong theory/ sound symbolism

there is a mystetious conection between sound and meaning smll sharp high things tend to have words with high front vowels while big round low things tend to have round back vowels, itsy bitsy teeny weeny vs moon

the yo heave ho theory

began as rythmic chants, perchaps from grunts of heavy work calling for assistance

the hey you/contact theory

language began as sounds to signal both identity and belonging we also cry out in fear, anger or hurt

the sing song theory

perhaps some of our first words bere actually long anf muiscal rather than short grunts many assume we started with

the hocus pocus theory

the idea that language may have had some root in a sort of magical or relogious aspect of our ancestors lives

the eureka theory

language was consciously invented

monogenesis

language was invented once

polygenesis

language was invented many times

the divine source

in most religions there appears to nr a divine source of language (dissproven - children with no acces to human speech grow up with no language NO SPEECH NO LANGUAGE

natural sounds source

first words were imitations of natutal sounds (onomatopoeic words cockoo splash bang rattle buzz) another idea is that the original sounds of language came from cries of emotion ouch

physiological adaptation

some of the physical aspects of humans that make the production of speech possible ot easier sre jot shared with other creatures (teeth are upright and rougly even in hight, lips have intricate muslr interlacing, mouth is small and can be opened rapidly