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Gerund after PREPOSITIONS rozpocznij naukę
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Gerund after CERTAIN VERBS: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop rozpocznij naukę
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Gerund as the SUBJECT of a sentence rozpocznij naukę
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TO+INFINITIVE After ADJECTIVES rozpocznij naukę
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This problem is difficult to solve.
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TO+INFINITIVE After CERTAIN VERBS: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage. rozpocznij naukę
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TO+INFINITIVE To express PURPOSE/REASON rozpocznij naukę
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I'm chasing this guy to earn my bread and butter.
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Stop! I'm tired of running. rozpocznij naukę
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This is a difficult situation to solve. I enjoy seeing you tired, but I would also like to escape.
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USUALLY: FOR CURRENT HABITS Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little. rozpocznij naukę
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Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little.
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USED TO: FOR PAST HABITS OR PAST SITUATIONS THAT HAVE CHANGED Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke. rozpocznij naukę
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subject + USED TO + infinitive Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke.
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BE USED TO: FOR A NEW SITUATION THAT YOU ARE ALREADY ACCUSTOMED TO Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking. craving a very strong desire for something: a craving for chocolate rozpocznij naukę
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subject + BE USED TO + gerund or noun Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking.
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GET USED TO: FOR SOMETHING THAT IS BECOMING FAMILIAR TO YOU OR TO WHICH YOU ARE ADAPTING. Melissa and Meritxell haven't gotten used to living without addictions. rozpocznij naukę
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subject + GET USED TO + gerund or noun
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Repeat after me: I used to take drugs. rozpocznij naukę
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rozpocznij naukę
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I wish you were here. I wish we were lying in bed together. You can use "were" for I/he/she/it.
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rozpocznij naukę
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to express regret or in reference to unreal situations.
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Wishes for the PRESENT and FUTURE rozpocznij naukę
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Use PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS
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rozpocznij naukę
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to express when you would like a situation to be different.
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He wishes they were lying on the bed. rozpocznij naukę
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to express when you would like to be doing something different. He wishes they were lying on the bed.
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over. rozpocznij naukę
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over.
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He wishes she handn't come over. rozpocznij naukę
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to express regret or when you would like a situation to be different.
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To COMPLAIN or express IMPATIENCE rozpocznij naukę
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Use WOULD+VERB or COULD+VERB
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rozpocznij naukę
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He wishes she would stop laughing.
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rozpocznij naukę
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He wishes he could make her disappear.
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You can use SUBJECT+WISH+PRONOUN in fixed expressions: rozpocznij naukę
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RATHER at The Museum of Modern Art rozpocznij naukę
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I would rather shoot myself than wait in line with all these snobs.
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Look and learn! You have to be an alternative artist. rozpocznij naukę
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Oh Daddy! I would rather just be a waitress.
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rozpocznij naukę
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He is a sex maniac rather than an art enthusiastic rozpocznij naukę
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means "instead of" or "and not". Normally used to compare parallel structures.
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rozpocznij naukę
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means "would prefer to...
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WOULD RATHER ... THAN is used to show preference between options. Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else. rozpocznij naukę
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION 1+THAN+OPTION 2 Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else.
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rozpocznij naukę
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WOULD RATHER is used to show preference for one option over another. -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here. rozpocznij naukę
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here.
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She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted. rozpocznij naukę
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Used to change what it is just said. She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted.
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Marilyn had a rather tender look. rozpocznij naukę
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is also an adverb of degree. It means "quite". Marilyn had a rather tender look.
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rozpocznij naukę
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Connectors, also called linking words or linkers, indicate the relationship between ideas.
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, (?), the car lights rozpocznij naukę
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, in addition, the car lights
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the car lights didn't work (?) they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier. rozpocznij naukę
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the car lights didn't work because they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier.
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(?) all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed. rozpocznij naukę
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Despite all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed.
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The lights of the house were on (?) Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window. rozpocznij naukę
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The lights of the house were on so Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window.
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. (?), a shiver came over his body. rozpocznij naukę
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. Suddenly, a shiver came over his body.
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rozpocznij naukę
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Elisabeth was actually laughing (?) looking directly into Harry's eyes rozpocznij naukę
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Elisabeth was actually laughing and looking directly into Harry's eyes
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rozpocznij naukę
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rozpocznij naukę
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rozpocznij naukę
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for example (e.g.), for instance, such as
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rozpocznij naukę
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with regard to, regarding, concerning, by the way
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rozpocznij naukę
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and, also, too, as well as, in addition, apart from, besides, furthermore, moreover, then again
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rozpocznij naukę
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in short, in brief, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion
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rozpocznij naukę
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because, because of, for, since, as, due to, owing to
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rozpocznij naukę
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so, consequently, as a result, therefore, thus, hence
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rozpocznij naukę
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but, however, although, even though, though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, whereas, unlike, on the other hand, anyway
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rozpocznij naukę
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firstly, secondly, thirdly, to begin with, next, lastly, finaly
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rozpocznij naukę
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at the beginning, then, at last, once, afterwards, suddenly, finally, in the end
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rozpocznij naukę
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obviously, particularly, in theory, in fact, especially
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rozpocznij naukę
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surely, indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, even so
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rozpocznij naukę
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A relative clause is a dependent clause that mofifies a word, phrase or idea in the main clause.
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A relative clause begins with a rozpocznij naukę
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RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT or WHITCH The type of clause determines which relative pronoun to use. (in certain situations, WHAT, WHEN and WHERE can function as relative pronouns)
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There are two types of relative clauses: rozpocznij naukę
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NON-DEFINING CLAUSES and DEFINING CLAUSES
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rozpocznij naukę
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The information contained in defining clauses is ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's nor clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is NOT separated by a COMMA.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: The woman who is pushing a stroller is her heroine rozpocznij naukę
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For people: WHO, THAT (and WHOM followed by a preposition). For things: WHICH, THAT stroller: a chair on wheels in which a small child can be pushed along SYN buggy British English
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rozpocznij naukę
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In non-defining clauses the information is NOT ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's still clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is separated by a COMMA from the main clause.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: Exercise, which is supposed to be good for your health, is killing her. rozpocznij naukę
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For people: WHO (and WHOM, WHOSE) For things: WHICH (and WHOSE)
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rozpocznij naukę
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There are two voices in English: the active and the passive
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The dog bit Julianne's leg. rozpocznij naukę
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describes what the subject does. The dog bit Julianne's leg.
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Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog. rozpocznij naukę
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describes what is done to the subject. It's usually used when we don't know or are not interested in who performs the action. Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog.
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The passive voice is formed with: rozpocznij naukę
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It can also be formed by: rozpocznij naukę
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All the verb tenses can be expressed in passive voice. rozpocznij naukę
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The concert will be performed next week. The concert has been performed already.
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rozpocznij naukę
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to show the person or thing doing the action. The painting was made by a monkey.
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I would like him to be eaten too. rozpocznij naukę
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The pigeons are eating a worm. Worms are eaten every day all over the world.
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rozpocznij naukę
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I need a friend ASAP. She said she needed a friend ASAP. ASAP the abbreviation of as soon as possible
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There are two ways to repeat what another person said: rozpocznij naukę
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DIRECT SPEECH and REPORTED SPEECH
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rozpocznij naukę
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uses exact words in quotation marks. She said "I need a friend".
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rozpocznij naukę
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She said she needed a friend.
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rozpocznij naukę
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the past form of direct speech.
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rozpocznij naukę
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She said she needed a friend.
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rozpocznij naukę
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She said she was feeling alone.
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I've spent all Sundays watching TV. rozpocznij naukę
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She said she had spent all Sunday watching TV.
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rozpocznij naukę
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She said she would go to bed early.
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When direct speech uses a past form, rozpocznij naukę
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reported speech doesn't change.
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rozpocznij naukę
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I was looking for a better life. rozpocznij naukę
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She said she was looking for a better life.
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