Moja lekcja

acidity

kwasowość / nadkwasota - The level of acid in a substance, or an excess of acid in the stomach. Example: The patient complained of gastric acidity.

acidic

kwaśny - Containing acid, or having the properties of an acid with a pH below 7. Example: Citric fruits are highly acidic.

acid

kwas - A chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis and turns litmus paper red. Example: Gastric acid is essential for protein digestion.

antacids

leki zobojętniające kwas żołądkowy - Medications that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn and indigestion. Example: Antacids provide fast relief from heartburn.

anticoagulants

leki przeciwzakrzepowe - Medicines that inhibit coagulation and help prevent blood clots. Example: Anticoagulants prevent deep vein thrombosis.

anticoagulate

zapobiegać krzepnięciu - To treat a patient with drugs to prevent the clotting of blood. Example: The drug is used to anticoagulate patients at risk of stroke.

anticoagulation

antykoagulacja - The process of hindering or preventing the clotting of blood. Example: Therapeutic anticoagulation must be monitored closely.

athlete

sportowiec - A person who is trained or skilled in exercises, sports, or games requiring physical strength or endurance. Example: An endurance athlete needs a specific diet.

athletic

sportowy / atletyczny - Relating to athletes or physics training, or physically strong and active. Example: Her athletic performance improved after nutritional counseling.

basal metabolic ratio

wskaźnik podstawowej przemiany materii - The minimum rate of energy expenditure per unit of time by endothermic animals at rest. Example: We calculated the patient's basal metabolic ratio.

bedsores/pressure ulcers

odleżyny - Localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, resulting from prolonged pressure. Example: Regular repositioning prevents bedsores.

ulcerous

wrzodowy / owrzodzony - Characterized by or affected with open sores on the skin or a mucous membrane. Example: The patient developed an ulcerous lesion on the heel.

bout

napad / epizod / rzut choroby - A short period of intense activity or a temporary episode of illness. Example: He suffered from a severe bout of coughing.

caffeine

kofeina - A crystalline compound that acts as a central nervous system stimulant, found in coffee and tea. Example: Caffeine is a well-known central nervous system stimulant.

caffeinated

zawierający kofeinę - Containing caffeine, either naturally or by artificial addition. Example: The patient was advised to avoid caffeinated beverages.

decaffeinated

bezkofeinowy - Having had most or all of the caffeine removed. Example: Switch to decaffeinated tea in the evening.

congestive heart failure

zastoinowa niewydolność serca - A chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. Example: Congestive heart failure causes fluid retention.

contraception

antykoncepcja - The deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy. Example: They discussed barrier methods of contraception.

contraceptive

środek antykoncepcyjny / antykoncepcyjny - Any drug or device used to prevent pregnancy. Example: Oral contraceptive pills are highly effective.

depletion

wyniszczenie / wyczerpanie / uszczuplenie zapasów - A serious reduction or reduction in the number or quantity of something in the body. Example: Severe vomiting causes electrolyte depletion.

deplete

wyczerpać / uszczuplić - To diminish the stock, number, or quantity of nutrients or substances in the body. Example: Strenuous exercise can deplete muscle glycogen stores.

depleted

wyczerpany / uszczuplony - Seriously diminished in quantity, nutritional value, or energy. Example: The patient's iron stores were severely depleted.

diuretics

diuretyki / leki moczopędne - Medications that cause increased passing of urine to clear excess fluid from the body. Example: Diuretics are used to treat hypertension.

diuresis

diureza - Increased or excessive production of urine by the kidneys. Example: The drug successfully induced diuresis.

diuretic

moczopędny - Tending to increase the excretion of urine. Example: This herbal tea has a mild diuretic effect.

endurance

wytrzymałość / wydolność - The capacity of something to last or to withstand wear and tear or prolonged stress. Example: Carbohydrates are crucial for muscle endurance.

endure

znosić / wytrzymywać - To suffer through something painful or difficult patiently, or to remain in existence. Example: The patient had to endure a long and painful rehabilitation.

excretion

wydalanie - The process of eliminating or expelling waste matter from a living organism. Example: Renal excretion clears drugs from the body.

excrete

wydalać - To separate and expel waste matter from the blood or tissues. Example: The kidneys excrete waste products through urine.

excretory

wydalniczy - Relating to, carrying out, or promoting the elimination of waste matter. Example: The kidneys are the primary excretory organs.

expenditure

wydatek np. energetyczny - The action of spending or using up energy, calories, or bodily resources. Example: Total daily energy expenditure varies by physical activity.

expend

wydatkować / zużywać - To use up or consume energy, calories, or time in performing a function. Example: Athletes expend thousands of calories during training.

fistula

przetoka - An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow organ and the body surface, or between two organs. Example: The surgeon repaired the enterocutaneous fistula.

fistulous

przetokowy - Having the nature or form of an abnormal passage or open tract within the tissues. Example: The patient presented with a fistulous tract in the abdominal wall.

hyperkalemia

hiperkaliemia - A medical condition characterized by a concentration of potassium in the blood that is higher than normal. Example: Hyperkalemia can disrupt cardiac rhythms.

hyperkalemic

hiperkaliemiczny - Affected by or relating to abnormally elevated blood potassium levels. Example: The hyperkalemic patient required urgent dialysis.

hypernatremia

hipernatremia - A medical condition characterized by a concentration of sodium in the blood that is higher than normal. Example: Dehydration is a common cause of hypernatremia.

hypernatremic

hipernatremiczny - Affected by or relating to abnormally elevated blood sodium levels. Example: Elderly patients are more prone to becoming hypernatremic.

intensive care unit

Oddział Intensywnej Terapii - A specialized department of a hospital that provides intensive care medicine. Example: The patient was moved to the intensive care unit.

laxatives

środki przeczyszczające - Medicines or substances that stimulate or facilitate bowel movements to clear the intestines. Example: Chronic use of laxatives can disrupt bowel function.

malnourished on admission

niedożywiony w momencie przyjęcia do szpitala - Suffering from malnutrition at the exact time of entering a healthcare facility. Example: Many elderly patients are malnourished on admission.

to manage a disease

kontrolować chorobę - To treat, monitor, and direct the care of a chronic condition to reduce symptoms and complications. Example: It is vital to manage a chronic disease properly.

disease management

kontrolowanie choroby - An integrated system of health care interventions and communications for populations with conditions. Example: Patient education is key to successful disease management.

nil by mouth

nic doustnie - A medical instruction directing that a patient must not take any food, fluids, or medications orally. Example: Keep the patient nil by mouth before the operation.

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne - A drug class that reduces pain, decreases fever, prevents blood clots, and decreases inflammation. Example: NSAIDs are used to manage acute pain.

performance

wydolność / osiągi / sprawność - The capabilities of an individual or organ in executing physical or cognitive tasks. Example: Proper nutrition optimizes athletic performance.

perform

wykonywać / osiągać wyniki - To carry out, accomplish, or fulfill an action, task, or physiological function. Example: The patient was unable to perform the physical test.

peristalsis

perystaltyka - The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine, creating wave-like movements. Example: Lack of peristalsis can cause bowel obstruction.

peristaltic

perystaltyczny - Relating to or produced by wave-like muscular contractions of the digestive tract. Example: Peristaltic waves push food through the intestines.

polypharmacy

wielolekowość - The simultaneous use of multiple drugs by a single patient, often seen in elderly care. Example: Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug interactions.

postoperative

pooperacyjny - Relating to, occurring in, or characteristic of the period following a surgical operation. Example: Postoperative care is critical for healing.

postoperatively

pooperacyjnie - In the period of time or manner following a surgical procedure. Example: The patient was monitored postoperatively for 24 hours.

preoperative

przedoperacyjny - Occurring or performed before a surgical operation. Example: The patient completed all preoperative tests.

postprandial

poposiłkowy - Occurring or done after a meal. Example: Postprandial glucose testing is used in diabetes management.

postprandially

poposiłkowo - In a manner occurring or measured after a meal has been eaten. Example: Blood sugar levels naturally rise postprandially.

preprandial

przedposiłkowy - Occurring or done before a meal. Example: Check your preprandial blood glucose before eating.

protein energy malnutrition

niedożywienie białkowo-energetyczne - A form of malnutrition where there is inadequate calorie and protein intake. Example: Protein energy malnutrition causes severe muscle wasting.

pyrexia

gorączka - Fever, or an elevation of body temperature above the normal range. Example: The infant was admitted with unexplained pyrexia.

pyrexial / pyretic

gorączkowy - Relating to, characterized by, or suffering from a fever. Example: The patient had a pyrexial episode during the night.

apyrexia

brak gorączki - The absence of a fever, or the return of body temperature to normal. Example: After taking antibiotics, the patient achieved apyrexia.

to replenish

uzupełniać / odnawiać - To fill up again, restore, or replace a stock or store of something that has been used or depleted. Example: You need to replenish fluids after heavy sweating.

replenishment

uzupełnienie - The act of filling up, restoring, or replacing supplies or nutrients that have been depleted. Example: Fluid replenishment should start immediately.

restriction

restrykcja / ograniczenie - A limiting condition or a rule that limits what can be consumed, done, or used. Example: The doctor ordered a strict fluid restriction.

restrict

ograniczać - To put a limit on, or keep something within specific boundaries, such as nutritional intake. Example: You must restrict sodium intake to manage hypertension.

restrictive

restrykcyjny - Imposing severe limits, boundaries, or limitations on freedom, diet, or actions. Example: A highly restrictive diet can be hard to maintain.

rickets

krzywica - A disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification and softening of the bones. Example: Rickets is caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin D.

rickety

krzywiczny - Affected with or showing physical changes caused by the disease rickets. Example: The child showed rickety changes in the long bones.

sarcopenia

sarkopenia - Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength as a natural part of the aging process. Example: Sarcopenia is a common condition in geriatric patients.

sarcopenic

sarkopeniczny - Relating to or affected by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Example: Sarcopenic obesity combines muscle loss with high body fat.

site

miejsce / lokalizacja - A specific position or place on or within the human body. Example: Clean the injection site thoroughly.

stoma

stomia - An artificial opening made in an organ, especially the abdomen, to allow the elimination of waste. Example: The stoma must be checked for healthy pink color.

stomal

stomijny - Relating to or located near a surgically created opening on the abdomen. Example: Stomal complications can include skin irritation.

starvation

głodzenie / zagłodzenie - Suffering or death caused by a severe lack of food and caloric intake. Example: Prolonged starvation forces the body to break down muscle tissue.

starve

głodzić / głodować - To suffer or die from hunger, or to deprive an organism or cell of essential nutrients. Example: Tumor cells can sometimes be starved of nutrients.

stores

zapasy / rezerwy - Accumulated quantities of nutrients, minerals, or energy retained in tissues for future use. Example: Ferritin levels indicate the body's iron stores.

store

magazynować - To keep, hold, or accumulate nutrients or energy within bodily organs or tissues for future use. Example: The liver works to store glycogen for quick energy.

storage

magazynowanie - The action or method of keeping or retaining substances within the body for future utility. Example: Fat tissue is the main storage site for excess energy.

total body surface area

całkowita powierzchnia ciała - The total measured surface area of a human body, used for clinical calculations. Example: Burns covered 15% of his total body surface area.

to be deficient in smth

mieć niedobór czegoś - Lacking a sufficient or adequate amount of a specific substance, nutrient, or vitamin. Example: Many people are deficient in vitamin D during winter.

deficiency

niedobór - A lack or shortage of something necessary, especially nutritional or chemical substances in the body. Example: Iron deficiency can lead to anemia.

deficient

niedoborowy - Lacking specified necessary qualities or inadequate in the amount of an essential nutrient. Example: The patient's diet was deficient in essential fatty acids.

to maximise

maksymalizować - To increase, optimize, or make something as large or great as possible. Example: We need to maximise nutrient absorption.

maximisation

maksymalizacja - The act or process of making something as large, efficient, or great as possible. Example: Maximisation of caloric intake is necessary for recovery.

maximum / maximal

maksymalny - Constituting the greatest possible quantity, degree, or value. Example: The maximal dose of the medication was prescribed.

maximally

maksymalnie - To the greatest possible degree, extent, or amount. Example: The wound was maximally protected from infection.

to meet requirements

spełniać wymagania - To supply or satisfy the exact physiological needs, limits, or demands of a patient's body. Example: This diet fails to meet protein requirements.

vascularised

unaczyniony - Provided or supplied with a network of blood vessels. Example: Muscle tissue is highly vascularised.

vascularisation

unaczynienie - The organic process of generating and developing blood vessels through tissues. Example: Good vascularisation is essential for wound healing.

vascularise

unaczynić - To provide or become provided with blood vessels. Example: Angiogenesis helps to vascularise new tissues.

wound bed

dno rany - The visible surface of an open wound consisting of exposed anatomical tissues. Example: A clean wound bed promotes faster granulation.