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Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.; Her dance expresses the innate beauty of the human spirit.

I don't believe that human beings are innately evil.; Power is innately seductive.

Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area?

indigenous firms; The most profitable indigenous business is cocoa growing.; indigenous tourism

She learned to survive on her wits.

She's starting to see the effects of the disease, to wit: her memory is less reliable and she can't always find her way home after going somewhere.

I'm at my wits' end. I don't know how to help him.

a new deck of cards

The wedding guests were decked out in their finery (= wearing their best clothes).

There we all were in our finery, waiting for the bride and groom to arrive.; The stars arrived for the Oscars dressed in all their finery.

A key player was decked three times during yesterday’s basketball game.

In summer, we always eat out on the deck – except when it rains.

Also: a flat, open surface on a ship from which aircraft take off

Stanton was decked out in cowboy boots and a work shirt.

She lashed the horses mercilessly with her long whip.; I don't like the way the drivers whip their horses.

She whipped a handkerchief out of her pocket and wiped his face.; They whipped my plate away before I'd even finished.; The wind whipped around the corner of the building.

Could you whip the cream for me?; Top with whipped cream and a sprinkle of sugar.; I still need to whip the cream for the pie.

Another: to beat cream, eggs, potatoes, etc., with a special utensil in order to make it thick and soft

They beat us last time, but we whipped them in a rematch.; He whipped him in their fight two years ago.; Dallas whipped Buffalo 52 to 17 (= beat them by this score).

In the drawer was a selection of kitchen utensils - spoons, spatulas, knives, and whisks.; We packed plates, cups, napkins, and eating utensils for the picnic.

Karl Smith, the 19-year old singer, had whipped the crowd of teenage girls into a frenzy merely by removing his shirt.; The final speech had the desired effect, whipping the listeners into a patriotic fervour.

She criticized the organization for trying to whip up anti-immigrant prejudice.; He was trying to whip up some enthusiasm for the project.

I have just enough time to whip up an omelette.; He whipped up a really good dinner.

torrential rain; a torrential downpour/storm

The prisoners were regularly lashed with electric cable.; The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening.; Ice storms lashed across the state.

I've lashed your case to the roof rack.; These poles will be easier to carry if we lash them together with a rope.

He received 30 lashes for the crime.; The punishment for disobedience was the lash.

With a powerful lash of its tail, the fish jumped out of the net and back into the river.

The sales team came under the lash for poor results.

I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face.; Why's Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work.

He lashed out £5,000 on his daughter's wedding.

We usually have a whip-round at work for people who are leaving.

During the last decade the right wing of the party has held the whip hand.

30% of retailers were thinking of pulling out when contracts come up for renewal.

contract/licence renewals; The purchases are subject to annual renewal.; be due for renewal: If your car tax is due for renewal, do it before Budget day.

Also: the act or process of making changes to something in order to improve it so that it becomes more successful - economic renewal

The first step in devising a corporate renewal strategy is to re-evaluate your strengths and weaknesses.

urban renewal area/district/project: The city has created three urban renewal areas in the past five years.

the process of making a poor area of a city attractive for people to live and work in again by building new houses, offices, schools, etc. and improving the existing ones

The area is becoming more and more prosperous.; a prosperous businessman; a prosperous country/economy/future; We have a world-class management team that will lead the company successfully and prosperously into the next century.

Lots of microchip manufacturing companies prospered at that time.; As the company prospered, we prospered.; a period of increasing prosperity; a prosperous business; We aim to create a climate in which all small businesses can prosper.

to be successful, esp. financially

A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent, upon the quality of education of its people.; The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity.; We need to drive growth and create jobs and prosperity.; economic/future prosperity

a situation in which people are successful and have a lot of money

From the top of the Empire State Building, you can see the full extent of Manhattan (= the area it covers).; The River Nile is over 6,500 6,5000 kilometres in extent (= length).;

To some extent it was my fault, though I didn’t mean any harm.; We didn’t know the extent of his injuries.; Some people hold their beliefs very strongly, even to the extent of being prepared to go to prison for them.

Sales have fallen badly this year, to the extent that we will have to close some of our shops.; The rich will not benefit from the proposed changes to the tax system to the same extent as the lower paid.;

The car was damaged to such an extent that it couldn't be repaired.; He unwound the rope to its full extent.; Ethiopia and, to a lesser extent, Kenya will be badly affected by the drought.;

to what extent? - how much: To what extent will the budget have to be modified?; The extent of the flooding can only be fully appreciated when viewed from the air.

a solemn face/voice; Everyone looked very solemn.; There was an air of solemnity in the room.; Borden solemnly promised that he would take care of it.

solemn promise, commitment, undertaking, etc. - an agreement that you make in a serious way and expect to keep

Politicians across America solemnly announced that the time for national unity had arrived.; The opposition leaders solemnly pledged to co-operate with the prime minister.

We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign.; If you join the armed forces, you have to pledge allegiance to your country.; So far, £50,000 has been pledged (= people have promised to pay this amount) in response to the appeal.

EU leaders pledged $1.2 billion to the region over the next 18 months.

All the candidates have given/made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.; Thousands of people made pledges (= promised to give money) to the charity campaign.; The couple will exchange rings as a pledge of their love for one another.

You can go online to make a pledge to the disaster relief fund.;

pledge sth as collateral/security: Shares are frequently pledged as collateral for loans.

Noun - something valuable that is given to a person or organization that has lent you money, which they can keep if you fail to pay back the loan - Serious financial irregularities took place, including the pledge of already paid-for securities.

20% of US energy should come from renewables by 2020.

renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power; Sorghum is a brand new cash crop that can be burned as a fuel and is therefore a renewable source of energy.

The initial contract is for two years, renewable annually by mutual agreement.; a renewable passport/contract

Oil, natural gas, and coal are non-renewable fuels.; Law - This contract is valid for a period of two years, and is non-renewable.

Law: If an official document or agreement is non-renewable, its use cannot be continued for an extra period of time after it has ended - Foreign workers bringing dependents could obtain only one non-renewable two-year visa.;

Your new insurance premium is shown on the enclosed renewal notice.

It is a 10-year lease with a five-year renewal option.; We can offer you some great renewal options for your cell phone contract.

It may be possible to save as much as 30% on a renewal premium by shopping around.

The teacher asked the children to stand and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

Soldiers have to swear allegiance to the Crown/the King.; In many American schools, the students pledge allegiance (to the flag) at the beginning of the school day.;

As an Englishman who'd lived for a long time in France, he felt a certain conflict of allegiances when the two countries played soccer.; For many here, allegiance to the local community comes first.

The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.

Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples.

Also: a duty or responsibility that is hard to bear - the burden of responsibility

I don't want to burden you with my problems.; be burdened with/by sth - Borrowers are already burdened with mortgage extras; a nation burdened by heavy unemployment; He was burdened with debts.

Also: to trouble someone with something difficult or unpleasant

The EU is participating in the initiative to ease the debt burden of the highly indebted poorer countries of the world.

The company announced yesterday that it plans to sell off various parts of the business to reduce a debt burden of about $18bn.

a burdensome task

For her encouragement and support, I am especially indebted to my wife, Nancy.; We're deeply indebted to you for your help.

indebted countries; The company is heavily indebted.; He campaigned for debt relief for the most heavily indebted countries.; Heavily indebted farms are still struggling.; rising levels of public indebtedness

Elephants.—They are expensive and delicate, but excellent beasts of burden, in rainy tropical countries.

The usual rules of criticism place the burden of proof on the critic.; The burden of proof in a civil case is not as stringent as in criminal cases.

the responsibility for proving something

Eliminating taxes on savings and investment will disproportionately shift the tax burden to the shoulders of the average wage earner.; There are growing protests from the corporate sector that the business tax burden in Britain is rising.

use sth as/pledge sth as/put sth up as collateral: Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as collateral against debt.; She used/put up her house as collateral for a loan.

collateral senses of a word; the collateral meanings of a word; a collateral branch of the family; a collateral descendant of George Washington

additional but subordinate, secondary; Also: descended from the same stock but by a different line

The effects of a bust will be rising unemployment, followed by bad debts, then debt deflation, and then finally falling asset prices.

The most dangerous deflation is collateral deflation where the value of the collateral underlying the financial system plunges and destroys the net worth of the banking system.

In their election manifesto, the Liberal Democrats proposed increasing taxes to pay for improvements in education.

The state was expecting an increase in tax revenues, but that was before the economy tanked.; Car exports in the year to April tanked 23 percent.

Also - to suddenly begin to have serious problems, especially by falling a lot in price, value, etc.

a tank of sth: The car can be driven 500 miles on a single 10-gallon tank of gas

People will not agree to this sort of spending if the economy is in the tank.; It is not surprising that the company's shares are in the tank, recently hitting a 52-week low of 15.40.

Make sure you tank up before you go. Gas is expensive on the highway.

Also - a group of experts who are brought together to develop ideas and give advice on a particular subject; corporate/economic/political think tank: Investor confidence in Japan dropped to its lowest level, according to a leading economic think tank.

an organization whose work is to study specific problems and suggest solutions, often with a particular political view

The Conference brings politicians, businessmen, and think-tankers together every year for debate on the economy.

figurative - There are so many windows in the office, it's like being in a goldfish bowl (= people can easily see what you are doing)!

Inne słowo rzadko używane na akwarium - fish tank - a glass container used for keeping fish in, especially pet tropical fish

Also - a building, usually open to the public, that holds many aquariums

I had my ears pierced and one of them went septic.

a pus-filled wound

also - rainbarrel - also - waterbutt

an oil/petrol/refuelling tanker

They stopped in Paris for refuelling.; Where is the nearest refuelling point?; When the refuelling was complete, Duncan climbed in and started the engines.; The ship can operate for about six and a half hours without refuelling.

refuelling - noun - the action or process of putting more fuel into an aircraft, ship, etc. so that it can continue its journey

a large drinking cup, usually made of metal, with sloping sides, a handle, and sometimes a lid, mainly used for drinking beer

a water tank; a fuel/petrol tank; fuel/gas/oxygen tanks; a fish tank; a fuel/gas/propane tank

The tension in the room was palpable during the exam.; Corruption in public life is palpable evidence of the absence of the rule of law.

The system was palpably unfair.; The situation has become palpably more dangerous in the past 24 hours.

They were intensely loyal to the president.; He is an intensely private, withdrawn man.; The itching can be intensely painful.

Also - in a very serious way that shows strong emotions or opinions: - "I give you my word," she said intensely.

W sztuce sakralnej rodzaj artystycznego obiektu służącego celom dewocyjnym, składającego się z dwóch, połączonych zawiasami, tabliczek (zwanych skrzydłami), składanych na podobieństwo książki, zwykle przenośnego, niewielkich rozmiarów

W sztuce współczesnej dyptykiem nazywa się też czasem parę obrazów połączonych ze sobą treściowo i kompozycyjnie.

The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso's early drawings with some of his later works.

for contrasting effect; Also - to put things or people next to each other, esp. in order to compare them - The exhibition juxtaposes architectural drawings with photographs of the buildings as constructed.

the juxtaposition of two very different cultures; The film uses a suggestive juxtaposition of word and image.; The juxtaposition of these different ideas creates a rich musical world.;

The juxtaposition of the original painting with the fake clearly showed up the differences.

He confided (to her) that his hair was not his own.

a confiding tone/whisper; His voice softens, taking on a confiding tone. When she spoke again her manner was more confiding.

She spoke in a low voice, leaning towards him confidingly.; He edged closer to Hugh's shoulder and leaned confidingly to his ear.; "This is very, very good," whispered a little voice, confidingly.

He spoke confidingly, as if addressing a roomful of friends.

She's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in her.; As sisters, they have always confided in each other.

Well, I'm not going home on foot, at any rate.; Used to make a statement that is obviously true after making a statement that shows uncertainty.

Also - more exactly or clearly; also - something you say to show that you are going to say something more exactly; - I don't think they liked my idea. At any rate, they weren't very enthusiastic about it.

a wicker basket/chair; wickerwork - noun - furniture or containers made from wicker

The meat was too thickly cut and impossible to chew; The paint has been applied thickly; a field thickly coated with snow; a thickly carpeted floor

Also - with many parts or things growing close together; In a closely compacted or crowded manner - a thickly populated area; thickly forested hillsides

"You woke me up," he said thickly’; ‘Let me sleep,’ he murmured thickly.

with a low voice that comes mostly from your throat

‘the actors speak in thickly accented English’

spoken in a way that shows you come from a different place - He spoke in thickly accented English.

"Isn't he a politician?" I say rather thickly

verb - to disagree with someone in an angry, often loud way; What did you quarrel about/over?

While we may quarrel with his conclusions, there is no reason to doubt his sincerity.; No one can quarrel with the improvements that have been made.

to think that something is wrong

Unemployment and inner city decay are inseparable issues which must be tackled together.; These two causes are inseparably linked.

If two or more things are inseparable, they are so closely connected that they cannot be considered separately

We would dearly love to sell our house and move to France.; We would dearly love to move to the country.; Also - in a way that is expensive - dearly priced

pay dearly - to suffer a lot as a result of a particular action or event - If you refuse to cooperate with us, you will pay dearly for it.; You’ll pay dearly for breaking the law in this town.

We made this decision purely for financial reasons.; From a purely practical point of view, the house is too small.; act nobly, speak purely, and think charitably; Meeting Gail in the airport was purely coincidental.

in a pure manner; purely and simply - for only one reason or purpose - They decided to close the museum purely and simply because it cost too much to run.

irreconcilable differences of opinion; They have become irreconcilable, with both sides refusing to compromise any further.

irreconcilably - in a way that makes it impossible to find agreement, or is impossible to deal with; They were irreconcilably hostile to each other.; Here are two writers with irreconcilably different aims.

She delivers the speeches with careful matter-of-factness.; The matter-of-factness with which he approached the whole thing was surprising.

He spoke in a very matter-of-fact way about the accident.

She announced the news matter-of-factly.; In the first few seconds, he matter-of-factly told detectives: "I am here to confess to the murder".