Articles

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Pytanie English Odpowiedź English
with singular countable nouns when it is not clear which thing or person is being talked about
use the indefinite article (a/an)
rozpocznij naukę
We got an email from Carla. She's renting an apartment in Berlin with a friend.
the first time something is mentioned
use the indefinite article (a/an)
rozpocznij naukę
There's a problem.
in phrases of quantity or frequency
use the indefinite article (a/an)
rozpocznij naukę
2 euros a kilo, 5 days a week, 70 km an hour
with plurals and uncountable nouns to talk about things in general
use no article
rozpocznij naukę
Children need at least eight hours' sleep.
for continents, countries, towns, roads, stations, mountains and lakes
use no article
rozpocznij naukę
Asia, Spain, Moscow, Kings Cross Station, Everest, Lake Garda
when it's clear to the listener/reader what is being talked about
Use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
Lia had the children with her. (her children). I liked the speech you made.
when something is unique; superlatives
use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
The first man on the moon. It's the fastest car.
when something has been mentioned before
use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
There's a problem and the problem is money.
for oceans, rivers, organisations, deserts, mountain ranges, decades
use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
The Pacific, the Danube, the UN, the Alps, the Sahara, the 1990s
in fixed lexical phrases
use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
What's the matter? The bigger the better.
with an adjective or a singular countable noun for things in general
use the definite article (the):
rozpocznij naukę
The city is divided between the rich and the poor. The tiger could soon be extinct.
Note:
rozpocznij naukę
a singular countable noun can never stand alone; it must go with a, an, each, every, this, that, his, her, the, etc.
Complete the text
The Thomas Edisons of food
rozpocznij naukę
with a/an, the or no article (-)
When people think of (1) inventors,
rozpocznij naukę
When people think of inventors,
they might think of Thomas Edison and (2) light bulb
rozpocznij naukę
they might think of Thomas Edison and the light bulb
or Gutenberg and (3) printing press, but do you know who invented some of the food you eat?
rozpocznij naukę
or Gutenberg and the printing press, but do you know who invented some of the food you eat?
George Crum was (4) head chef
rozpocznij naukę
George Crum was the head chef
at (5) resort in Saratoga Springs, New York.
rozpocznij naukę
at a resort in Saratoga Springs, New York.
One day (6) costumer complained that the French fries were too thick,
rozpocznij naukę
One day a costumer complained that the French fries were too thick,
so Crum sliced (7) potato paper-thin and fried it,
rozpocznij naukę
so Crum sliced a potato paper-thin and fried it,
just to make (8) customer happy.
rozpocznij naukę
just to make the customer happy.
And so, (9) crisps were born.
rozpocznij naukę
And so, crisps were born.
Sausages of all sorts have been common in Europe for centuries, but (10) hot dogs were first sold as sausages in buns by German immigrants
bread that is made in a small round shape: a hamburger bun
rozpocznij naukę
Sausages of all sorts have been common in Europe for centuries, but hot dogs were first sold as sausages in buns by German immigrants
on the streets of (11) New York City
rozpocznij naukę
on the streets of New York City
in (12) mid-19th century.
rozpocznij naukę
in the mid-19th century.
Mayonnaise was probably invented by (13) French chef
rozpocznij naukę
Mayonnaise was probably invented by a French chef
in (14) mid-18th century
rozpocznij naukę
in the mid-18th century
and was first sold in glass bottles in (15) USA in 1912.
rozpocznij naukę
and was first sold in glass bottles in the USA in 1912.
Popcorn was invented by Native American Indians, but it's not clear which group or where (16) snack food first appeared.
rozpocznij naukę
Popcorn was invented by Native American Indians, but it's not clear which group or where the snack food first appeared.
Early American settlers ate (17) popcorn with milk
rozpocznij naukę
Early American settlers ate popcorn with milk
for (18) breakfast!
rozpocznij naukę
for breakfast!
So the next time you're sitting in (19) cinema, munching on popcorn and crisps,
rozpocznij naukę
So the next time you're sitting in the cinema, munching on popcorn and crisps,
Normally with cinema we use the.
remember (20) people who first discovered these treats. Now, who were they again ...?
rozpocznij naukę
remember the people who first discovered these treats. Now, who were they again ...?

Articles

Articles are words in English language that define a noun as specific or unspecific. The definite article is the world the which limits the meaning of a noun to one particular thing. The indefinite article takes two forms. It is the word a when it precedes a word that begins with a consonant whereas word an when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel. The indefinite article demonstrates a noun refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing. There are examples for illustrations of this concept.

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