My lesson

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Pytanie Odpowiedź
- The "iron horse" and its effect on the West
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refers to the impact of the railroad on the development and expansion of the American West during the late 19th century.
- Cornelius and William Vanderbilt
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prominent figures in the railroad and shipping industries, known for their vast wealth and control over transportation networks.
- Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
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legislation designed to regulate the railroad industry, ensuring fair rates and prohibiting discriminatory practices.
- Alexander G. Bell
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inventor credited with inventing the telephone, revolutionizing communication.
- Thomas A. Edison
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renowned inventor known for the electric light bulb and the phonograph, among other innovations.
- Andrew Carnegie/"vertical integration"
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Carnegie, a steel magnate, employed vertical integration, controlling all aspects of production within his steel company.
- John D. Rockefeller/"horizontal integration"
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Rockefeller, an oil tycoon, implemented horizontal integration, consolidating and controlling oil refineries and distribution.
- J.P. Morgan/"interlocking directorates"
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Morgan, a financier, established interlocking directorates, allowing him to consolidate control over various companies by placing his associates on their boards.
- "Gospel of Wealth"
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Andrew Carnegie's belief that the wealthy had an obligation to use their riches to improve society.
- "Social Darwinism"
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ideology applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to society, justifying economic inequalities as natural and necessary.
- Sherman Anti-trust Act, 1890
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legislation aimed at preventing monopolistic business practices and promoting fair competition.
- Henry Grady's "New South"
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concept advocating for a modernized, industrialized southern economy after the Civil War.
- Changes caused by the 2nd Industrial Revolution
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refers to advancements in technology, industrial production, and urbanization during the late 19th century.
- "Gibson Girl"
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idealized image of the independent and athletic American woman in the late 19th century.
- Knights of Labor/Terence Powderly & "Mother" Jones
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influential labor organizations and leaders advocating for workers' rights during the late 1800s.
- Haymarket Square bombing 5/4/1886
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a violent confrontation during a labor protest in Chicago that resulted in deaths and led to the vilification of the labor movement.
- American Federation of Labor/Samuel Gompers
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a prominent labor union advocating for better wages, working conditions, and collective bargaining.
- Was industrialization a "boon or blight?" p. 537
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reflects the ongoing debate about whether industrialization brought more positive benefits or negative consequences to society.

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