generals and history

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Pytanie Odpowiedź
znaleźć równego sobie
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meet one's match
to compete unsuccessfully with someone
He was a good player, but he met his match in Peter. Scythians found their match in other wandering nomadic tribes, traversing the huge Eurasia continent.
lwia część
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lion's share
the largest part or most of something
Reputable charities spend the lion's share of donations on aid and a tiny fraction on administration.
człowiek z ludu, plebejusz
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commoner
in the UK, a person who is not born into a position of high social rank
It is now accepted that a member of the royal family can marry a commoner.
lepiej późno niż wcale
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better late than never
ściśnięty (np. kraj między przeciwnikami)
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sandwitched
In 1939 Poland, sandwiched by two totalitarian hostile world superpowers, had little to choose from than to succumb to the predominating invaders.
siedzący (np. o trybie życie), nie migrujący
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sedentary
involving little exercise or physical activity. used to refer to organisms that do not ever or often move from one position or place
a sedentary job/occupation My doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle is too sedentary. This is quite a sedentary species and this is the longest journey for a female we know of.
stronnik, zwolennik
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sympathizer
a person who supports a political organization or believes in a set of ideas
He had been a known IRA sympathizer.
jakość czegoś, wysoka klasa kogoś, smykałka
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flair
natural ability to do something well: a situation in which something is done in an exciting and interesting way
He has a flair for languages. He played with great imagination and flair. It's a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair.
zastraszony, zastraszać
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cowed
to frighten someone into doing something, using threats or violence:
The protesters refused to be cowed into submission by the army.
wielopoziomowy, warstwowy
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tiered
having a particular number of tiers (= layers or levels):
tiered hierarchical society. a two-tiered structure
włączyć, ująć
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subsume
to include something or someone as part of a larger group:
Soldiers from many different countries have been subsumed into the United Nations peace-keeping force. All the statistics have been subsumed under the general heading "Facts and Figures".
silna konkurecja
uncountable
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stiff competition
fierce rivalry
Jamaica's sugar is stiff competition for Cuba, you see. I'm an only child and I'm curious about sibling rivalry.
powodować kłopoty
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make waves
Don't worry, I'm not going to make waves.
do diabła, łata w skarpecie, cerować
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darn
used instead of damn to express anger eufemizm damn it
Darn it! There goes my bus! Darn traffic! Today she wore her oldest jeans, and a sagging sweater with darns in the elbows.
ogniwo, sieć
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nexus
związek przyczynowy. an important connection between the parts of a system or a group of things
casual nexus. Times Square is the nexus of the New York subway.
niezliczony
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innumerable
too many to be counted
The project has been delayed by innumerable problems.
nierozstrzygajacy, nieprzekonywający
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inconclusive
not giving or having a result or decision
The evidence is inconclusive. The medical tests were inconclusive, and will need to be repeated. Without strong archaeological support the present suggestions are quite inconclusive.
pęd, rozpęd
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momentum
drive, energy to do things, ability to make others act this way
We need to keep up the momentum of the process. We need some momentum to move this car.
szczytowy
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climactic
forming or relating to the most important or exciting point in a story or situation, especially when this happens near the end
climactic moment. The film ends with a climactic battle scene.
bez odwagi, tchórzliwość
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spinelessness
A spineless person does not have much determination and is not willing to take risks: gutless
He was, she concluded, a spineless individual.
rozplątać / zaplątać
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detangle/ entangle
The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets. It's so painful having hair like mine to detangle them after the shower. He went to the shop to buy bread, and got entangled in/with a carnival parade.
nadzorować
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oversee
to supervise something, to be in charge of something
My friend oversees my every workout. He truly believe of himself as of a overseer.
wędrowny
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itinerant
travelling from one place to another, usually to work for a short period
itinerant nomadic tribes. itinerant music band. an itinerant journalist/labourer/preacher
podżegacz, agitator
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firebrand
a person who causes political or social trouble by opposing authority and encouraging others to do so:
He is trying hard to dispel his image as a left-wing firebrand.
powód do wojny (latin)
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casus belli
In practice the access to water has been a casus belli for Israel.
hamować, krępować, powstrzymywać
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inhibit
to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed
Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers. Due to all this criticism, he felt inhibited.
wytrzymałość, ciągliwość (materiał), upór i zawziętość
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tenacity
holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way:
They cling with admirable tenacity to their traditions. tenacious
niszczyć (zdrowie, złudzenia), roztrzaskać, połamać
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shatter
to (cause something to) break suddenly into very small pieces
The glass shattered into a thousand tiny pieces. His leg was shattered in the accident.
nieobliczalny, zmienny, niekonsekwentny
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erratic
moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected
He drove in an erratic course down the road. She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you.
wojowniczy, buńczuczny
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bellicose
wishing to fight or start a war
The general made some bellicose statements about his country's military strength.
śmiesznie mały, błahy
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paltry
of little quality or value. (of an amount of money) very small and of little or no value
She made some paltry excuse and left. Student grants these days are paltry. The company offered Frazer a paltry sum, which he refused. a paltry treat for your guests.
zwierzchność, władza suwerenna
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suzerainty
the right of a country to partly control another:
Japan acknowledged Russian suzerainty over the island of Sakhalin. The Hapsburgs were suzerains of the country, but they treated the inhabitants as free men.
cło, opłata celna
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custom duty
The only thing she had left out was the loss of the customs duties from the river trade.
niesławny, owiany zła sławą
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infamous
famous for something considered bad. notorious
infamous crime. The list included the infamous George Drake, a double murderer. He's infamous for his bigoted sense of humour.
rozplątać, rozwikłać, rozpaść się, zakończyć (organizacji)
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unravel
If a process or achievement that was slow and complicated unravels or is unravelled, it is destroyed: If you unravel a mysterious, unknown, or complicated subject, you make it known or understood
As talks between the leaders broke down, several months of careful diplomacy were unravelled. You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.
wydzielać, emitować
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emanate
to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave:
Her face emanated sadness. Angry voices emanated from the next room. Human language is an emanation of the human mind.
tkanina, materiał, włókienniczy
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textile
a cloth made by hand or machine. niebotyczne rozmiary
She works at the textile factory and raises our kids. Last year, textile imports from China went through the roof
sąsiedztwo, bliskość
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proximity
the state of being near in space or time. vicinity
The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.
prawdomówność, wiarygodność
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veracity
truthfulness
doubt the veracity of the testimony. Doubts were cast on the veracity of her alibi. Families began to question the truthfulness of the information they had been given. I believe I have earned a reputation for truthfulness and fairness.
aktywator, osoba pomagająca innym rozwijać umiejętności osoba dająca przyzwolenie, osoba umożliwiająca
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enabler
something or someone that makes it possible for a particular thing to happen or be done:
Information technology is an enabler, but not the whole solution.
większościowy
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majoritarian
majoritarian democracy
bodziec, podnieta, podjudzać, oścień
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goad
to make a person or an animal react or do something by continuously annoying or upsetting them:
She seemed determined to goad him into a fight. He refused to be goaded by their insults. The runner was goaded on by his desire to keep up with the others. Dogs were made furious by being goaded with sticks.
wielki objętościowo, wielotonowy, obszerny
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voluminous
A voluminous piece of writing is long and detailed. A voluminous piece of clothing is large and consists of a lot of cloth
Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life? Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her.
szczebel, ranga (w organizacji)
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echelon
a particular level or group of people within an organization such as an army or company:
These salary increases will affect only the highest echelons of local government. the upper echelons of society. jobs in the upper echelons of the company pay quite well indeed
wartość, zaleta, zasługa
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merit
the quality of being good and deserving praise:
an entertaining film with little artistic merit Her ideas have merit. Brierley's book has the merit of being both informative and readable.
uzdolnienie
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aptitude
a natural ability or skill. flair, gift
My son has no/little aptitude for sport. We will take your personal aptitudes and abilities into account.
rozkaz, prośba
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behest
because someone has asked or ordered you to do something:
The budget proposal was adopted at the mayor's behest. at the behest of swobody.
fala uderzeniowa
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shock wave
The death of the dwarf's king sent a shock wave through their detachments.
chudy, skromny, niewielki
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meagre
(of amounts or numbers) very small or not enough:
We were served barely a meagre meal before the full day of tedious toil. a meagre salary The prisoners existed on a meagre diet.
denerwujący, wytrącający z równowagi
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unnerving
to make someone feel less confident and slightly frightened:
I think it unnerved me to be interviewed by so many people.
impet, bodziec, impuls
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impetus
something that encourages a particular activity or makes that activity more energetic or effective:
The recent publicity surrounding homelessness has given (a) fresh impetus to the cause. I hope that he will continue the work with the same impetus.
przebieg (wydarzeń), obrady, uroczystości, obchody, protokół
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proceedings
I'd like to ask you to write down the proceedings of the class. The proceedings of the anniversary will continue without disruptions
rozsądny, roztropny; pełen refleksji
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judicious
having or showing reason and good judgment in making decisions. discreet, intelligent,
We should make judicious use of the resources available to us. We sat in a judicious silence.
upłynąć, upływać, minąć
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elapse
If time elapses, it goes past. expire, go off
Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job. I think the best-before date has gone off, so don't eat it.
stłumić, zdławić (rebelię), poskromić (uczucia)
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quell
to stop something, especially by using force: pacify, quiet, curb. clamp down
Police in riot gear were called in to quell the disturbances/unrest. This latest setback will have done nothing to quell the growing doubts about the future of the club. quell, clamp down excitement
wycofanie z eksploatacji, zlikwidować (elektrownię), rozbroić
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decommission
demilitarization
The government has decided to decommission two battleships. It would cost $300 million to decommission the nuclear installation.
zgromadzenie ustawodawcze (w niektórych krajach) np. konkordat
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diet
The diet of worms
mizoginia (nienawiść w stosunku do płci żeńskiej)
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misogyny
Mykeny
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Mycenae
Mycenaean. Military items have been found among the treasures of the Mycenaean age. He also carried out the first excavations at Mycenae in 1841.
minojski
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minoan
trwały, stabilny, długotrwały, nieprzemijający
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enduring
enduring stability that underlies the longevity of the empire.
pałacowy. 2) wspaniały, okazały, imponujący
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palatial
A palatial house is very large and beautiful
A palatial meal was being prepared in the next room. palatial guard.
przyrostowe, narastające
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incremental
increasing in a series of fixed scale
Last year, we made incremental progress. Most research proceeds by small incremental advances. Changes at the newspaper are more incremental than radical.
powstający, rodzajach się
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nascent
only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly
Nascent empires of the South American colonies. a nascent political party a nascent problem
całkiem proste, łatwizna, bułka z masłem
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plain sailing
to be easy and without problems
The roads were busy as we drove out of town, but after that it was plain sailing.
sprzedaż odpustów
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sale of indulgences
owcony, brzemienny w sktuki (w znaczeniu, że ZNACZĄCY); nasienny
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seminal
containing important new ideas and having a great influence on later work:
She wrote a seminal article on the subject while she was still a student. He played a seminal role in the formation of the association.
przewyborny
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splendiferous
extraordinarily or showily impressive
The play finishes with one last surprising illusion and one splendiferous profusion of music, and costuming by Dominique Fawn Hill.
przebiegły
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wily
full of wiles: CRAFTY. implies skill and deception in maneuvering.
a wily negotiator. SLY, CUNNING, CRAFTY, WILY, TRICKY, FOXY, ARTFUL, SLICK
irokez
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mohawk
/ˈməʊ.hɔːk/
a hairstyle, often worn in punk fashion, in which the hair is removed from the sides of the head and a central strip is made to stand up from the head
hulanka, szał
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spree
a short period of doing a particular activity much more than is usual. BINGE
I went on a drinking/shopping/spending spree on Saturday. 20 people were shot dead in the city, making it the worst killing spree since the riots. After such a spree of wins, it seems unfair to talk too much about the team's weaknesses.
bójka, zwada, energetyczny wysiłek
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fray
an energetic and often not well-organized effort, activity, fight, or disagreement
With a third country about to enter (= take part in) the fray, the fighting looks set to continue. A good holiday should leave you feeling refreshed and ready for the fray again.
wyniszczający obie strony, bratobójczy (np. konflikt, wojna)
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internecine warfare
Internecine war or fighting happens between members of the same group, religion, or country:
He has also promised to lead the party from the center and to put a stop to its internecine battles.
przewyższać siłą ognia; zbrojeniem
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outgun
to win a war or fight by having more weapons than the other side. to beat a person or team by using greater skill:
Despite being heavily outgunned, the rebel forces seem to have held on to the south side of the city. The Democrat is doing well in the polls in most states, but he seems to be outgunned in Florida.
zaczepiać kogoś (grożąc mu)
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accost
to go up to or stop and speak to someone in a threatening way:
I'm usually accosted by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station.
huligan; brutalny, łobuzerski; łotr
rough
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ruffian
a violent, wild, and unpleasant person, usually a man
Real kindness would try to make of him a healthy ruffian, with just enough conscience to keep him from crime.
ekskluzywny, przeznaczony dla zamożnej klienteli
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upmarket
upscale (AmE) opposite: downscale
The brand is targeted at the upscale clientele. Downscale dining, though harder to find, can be more interesting.
dziekanat
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deanery, deanship
The back door of the Deanery lay open to the evening sun.
ruszyć się z miejsca (siebie)
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bestir yourself
to become active after a period of rest:
I'd better bestir myself - there's work to be done.
osprzęt, armatura, coś na stałe przywiązanego do czegoś
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fixture
a permanently fixed piece of furniture in a house, such as a bath, that would not be taken by someone when moving to a new home:
All fixtures and fittings are included in the house price. figurative They've been together so long he's become a permanent fixture in her life.
ekstremalny (w poglądach politycznych); nieugięty; być nieugiętym
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hard-line; take hard line
the fact of being very severe, for example in refusing to allow something or to give people what they want:
take a hard line The government wants to take a hard line against the strikers.
żółtek, skośnooki
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slit
All you slits are supposedly good at math, right?
przeładowany, przejedzony
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overstuffed
filled with too much material or too many things:
Christmas is coming, be ready to overstuff yourself. They sat in overstuffed crimson leather chairs. Phillips sets his story in a dark, overstuffed house. The film had an overstuffed storyline that was filled with plots, counterplots, and betrayals.

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